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Buss. Environment 12
Business Environment Chapter 12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 501(c)(4)s | Tax exempt "social welfare organizations" who are not required to disclose their donors |
| 527s | Nonprofit organizations set up to raise and spend money on political campaigns |
| Ad hoc coalitions | bringing together diverse groups to organize for or against legislation or regulation |
| Astroturf lobbying (or grasstops lobbying) | Fake groups that appear to be grassroots supporters but are largely created and funded by an organization or trade association |
| Carey committees | Hybrid political actions committees not affiliated with a candidate and can operate both a traditional PAC and as a super PAC |
| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | First U.S. Supreme Court decision that corporations and labor unions could use funds from their treasuries to support of oppose political as long as spending is independent |
| Coalition | An organization of distinct groups or parties who have something in common that warrants their joining forces for joint action |
| Company lobbying | The lobbying efforts of individual firms |
| Connected PAC | A separate segregated fund associated with a specific group or organization and can only raise money from that group |
| Cyberadvocacy | A form of grassroots campaigning |
| Dark money | Political contributions from undisclosed donors |
| Golden Rule of Politics | "He who has the gold |
| Grassroots lobbying | The process of mobilizing individual citizens to political action |
| Independent expenditure-only committee | Super PACS that can raise unlimited amounts of money to support or oppose political candidates |
| Leadership PAC | Nonconnected PACs formed by political leaders to support other candidates for office |
| Lobbying | The process of influencing public officials to promote or secure the passage or defeat of legislation |
| Non-connected PAC | Can accept funds from any individual or organization as long as those contributions are legal |
| Political accountability | An assumption of responsibility for political actions and a willingness to be answerable for them |
| Political action committee (PAC) | An organization of like-minded individuals |
| Political corporate social responsibility (PCSR) | The logic that if citizens expect companies to be socially responsible |
| Political involvement | Participation in the formulation and execution of public policy at various levels of government |
| Revolving door lobbyists | Former congressional staff members or government official |
| Sectoral trade associations | Composed of many firms in a given industry or line of business |
| Shadow lobbying | When ex-lawmakers provide "strategic advice" rather than "lobbying services" to various clients |
| Speechnow v. Federal Election Commission | Ruled that any government restrictions on the amount corporations can spend would be unconstitutional |
| Stealth lobbying | Also called shadow lobbying |
| Super PACs | Officially known as independent expenditure-only committees; resulted from judicial decisions |
| Trade associations | Organizations of many firms in a given industry or line of business |
| Transparency | business and political transactions open to public view |
| Umbrella trade associations | The broadest level of lobbying which represent the collective business interests of the United States; Chamber of Commerce or National Association of Manufacturers |
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