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Human Body - Bones
Bones, Joints and Movements
| Question/word | Answer/definition |
|---|---|
| What is a fibrous joint? | Immovable joint, bones are fused. |
| What is a cartilaginous joint? | Slightly moveable joint, joined by cartilage |
| Synovial Joint | Moves freely. Bones are joined by ligaments, joints are designed for maximal movement |
| Ligaments | Join bone to bone. They act like strong rubber bands that prevent dislocation |
| Joint Capsule | Tough, fibrous layer which surrounds the bone ends and helps hold them together |
| Synovial Membrane | The lining on the inner surface of the joint capsule. It secretes a small amount of lubricating fluid. |
| Synovial Fluid | Helps to 'oil' the joint |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Shiny, white substance covering the ends of the bone . It helps to allow for smooth, friction-free movement |
| What are the 5 types of Synovial Joints | Ball and Socket Hinge Joint Saddle Joint Gliding Joint Pivot Joint |
| What are the 5 characteristics of a Synovial Joint | Ligaments Joint Capsule Synovial Membrane Synovial Fluid Hyaline Cartilage |
| Ball and socket joint | The ball of one bone fits into the cup of another bone. This joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and rotation Examples: Hip & shoulder |
| Hinge Joint | The movement is like a door swinging on its hinges. It allows only flexion and extension. Examples: Elbow, knee and inter-phalangeal joints |
| Saddle Joint | Example: joint at the base of the thumb. Capable of all movements but rotation is limited |
| Gliding Joint | The bone surfaces are flat and a gliding movement can occur. Examples: carpal bones of the wrist and tarsals of the ankle |
| Pivot Joint | Allows rotation around a longitudinal axis. Examples: rotating the superior end of the radius in its socket, allowing the hand to rotate |
| Movements of a Synovial Joint | Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction Rotation Circumduction Hyperextension Pronation Supination Inversion Eversion Dorsiflexion Plantarflexion |
| Flexion | Bending or decreasing the angle of a joint |
| Extension | Straightening or increasing the angle of a joint |
| Abduction | The movement of the body part away from the midline |
| Adduction | The movement of the body part towards the midline of the body |
| Rotation | The movement of the body part around a longitudinal axis |
| Circumduction | The combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction |
| Hyperextension | The extension of a body segment to a position beyond its normal extended position |
| Supination | Rotation of the hand and forearm resulting in a 'palm up' position |
| Pronation | Rotation of the hand and forearm resulting in a 'palm down' position |
| Inversion | The rotation of the foot with the sole tuned inward |
| Eversion | The rotation of the foot with the sole turning outward |
| Dorsiflexion | The movement of the top of he foot towards the tibia |
| Plantarflexion | The movement of the top of the foot away from the tibia |
| 5 functions of the skeleton | Movement Protection Structure Blood Cell Production Calcium Storage |
| What are the classifications of bones? | Short Long Flat Irregular Sesamoid |
| Short Bones | Carpals, Tarsals |
| Long Bone | Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, phalanges |
| Flat Bone | Cranium, Sternum, Ribs, Scapular |
| Irregular Bones | Vertbrae, Facial Bones |
| Sesamoid Bone | Patellae |
| Name and number the vertebral column | Cervical - 7 Thoracic - 12 Lumbar - 5 Sacrum - 5 fused Coccyx - 4 fused |
Created by:
alexcarlin
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