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RAD 111 Comp Review
comprehensive review for RAD 111
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The radiographic criteria for a true lateral finger indicate equal concavity of the anterior and posterior aspects of the phalanges | FALSE |
| For the AP weight-bearing feet projection, the CR should be: a. angled 15° posteriorly. b. directed horizontal. c. angled 5° posteriorly. d. perpendicular to the image receptor. | a. angled 15° posteriorly |
| The ankle joint is a ____ joint with a ____ type of movement. a. fibrous; ginglymus b. synovial; ginglymus c. synovial; saddle d. fibrous; plane | c. synovial; saddle |
| What is another common term for the greater omentum? a. Mesentery b. Peritoneum c. Adipose layer d. Fatty apron | d. Fatty apron |
| A PA scaphoid projection shows extended superimposition of scaphoid & adjacent carpals. Why? a. Insufficient ulnar deviation b. Slight flexion of phalanges c. Elevation of hand & wrist d. Insufficient CR angle distally | a. Insufficient ulnar deviation |
| The tubercle portion of a typical rib articulates with the vertebral facet/demifacet. | FALSE |
| The foot must be force dorsiflexed so that the long axis of the foot is perpendicular to the image receptor for AP and mortise projections of the ankle. | FALSE |
| Decubitus chest projections are placed for viewing the way the image receptor “sees” them. | FALSE |
| The widest aspect of the bony thorax generally occurs at the level of: a. the sternoclavicular joints. b. T7. c. the eleventh and twelfth ribs. d. the eighth or ninth ribs. | d. the eighth or ninth ribs. |
| AP knee reveals rotation w/almost total superimposition of fib head & prox tib. How correct position error? a. Rotate knee laterally slightly b. Rotate knee medially slightly c. Nothing; this is acceptable d. Angle CR slightly cephalad | b. Rotate the knee medially slightly. |
| What CR angle should be used for a mediolateral projection of the knee on a short, wide-pelvis patient? a. No CR angle is required. b. 5° to 10° caudad c. 7° to 10° cephalad d. 5° cephalad | c. 7° to 10° cephalad |
| The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: a. ulnar extension. b. ulnar deviation. c. radial deviation. d. radial abduction | b. ulnar deviation. |
| The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx. | FALSE |
| When placing radiographs of the lower leg, the toes of the foot must be pointing upward. | FALSE |
| How many articular facets make up the subtalar joint? a. Three b. Four c. Two d. One | a. three |
| A general rule states that radiographic grids are required with chest radiography for: a. exposure factors using 80 kV or below. b. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater. c. all pediatrics. d. all adults. | b. exposure factors using 100 kV or greater. |
| A 3° to 5° caudad CR angle should be used for an AP knee projection for patients with an ASIS-to-tabletop measurement of 20 cm. | FALSE |
| Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the neck of the fibula without superimposition of the tibia? a. AP b. AP oblique with lateral rotation c. Lateral d. AP oblique with medial rotation | d. AP oblique with medial rotation |
| In erect adult bony thorax, posterior or vertebral end of typical rib is ____ higher than or more superior to anterior portion. a. 10 to 12in (25 to 30 cm) b. 6 to 8 in (15 to 20 cm) c. 1 to 2 in (2.5 to 5 cm) d. 3 to 5 in (8 to 13 cm) | d. 3 to 5 in (8 to 13 cm) |
| How much central ray (CR) angulation (if any) should be used for an AP projection of the toes (without elevation of forefoot)? a. 10° to 15° toward calcaneus b. Keep CR perpendicular to IR. c. 20° to 25° toward calcaneus d. 5° toward calcaneus | a. 10° to 15° toward calcaneus |
| A radiograph of AP second toe reveals that interphalangeal joints are not open. What is most likely cause for this outcome? a. Excessive SID. b. should have been PA. c. Rotation of the toes. d. Incorrect or inadequate CR centering or angle. | d. Incorrect or inadequate CR centering or angle. |
| The AP mortise projection of the ankle is commonly taken in surgery during open reductions. | TRUE |
| A representation of the patient’s anatomic structures that can be obtained, viewed, manipulated, and stored digitally is the definition for: a. radiography. b. radiographic film. c. radiographic examination. d. radiographic image. | d. radiographic image. |
| A patient arrives in radiology w/metal foreign body in palm of hand. Which of following hand routines confirm location of foreign body? a. PA and Gaynor-Hart method b. PA and lateral in flexion c. PA and lateral in extension d. PA &fan lateral | c. PA and lateral in extension projections |
| A patient enters the ED with an injury to the left anterior lower ribs. Which of the following projections should be taken to demonstrate the involved area? a. AP and LPO b. AP and LAO c. PA and RAO d. PA and LAO | c. PA and RAO |
| A correctly positioned lateral chest radiograph demonstrates some separation of posterior ribs owing to divergent x-ray beam. But separation of greater than ____ cm indicates objectionable rotation from true lateral. a. 3 b. 2 c. 0.5 d. 1 | d. 1 |
| Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile? a. AP b. Lateral rotation oblique c. Lateral d. Medial rotation oblique | c. Lateral |
| Moving the foot and toes downward is: a. inversion. b. eversion. c. plantar flexion. d. dorsiflexion. | c. plantar flexion. |
| What is the primary center for bone growth termed? a. Epiphyses b. Metaphysis c. Epiphyseal plate d. Diaphysis | d. Diaphysis |
| Which of the following positions will best demonstrate the axillary portion of the right ribs? a. PA b. RAO c. LAO d. AP | c. LAO |
| To decrease the angle between the anterior surface of the foot and anterior surface of the lower leg is described as: a. inversion. b. eversion. c. plantar flexion. d. dorsiflexion. | d. dorsiflexion. |
| Which special projection of the wrist is ideal for demonstrating possible calcification in the dorsal aspect of the carpals? a. Lateral wrist b. Ulnar deviation c. Carpal bridge d. Carpal canal | c. Carpal bridge |
| Where is the CR placed for a mediolateral projection of the calcaneus? a. Base of the fifth metatarsal b. 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to medial malleolus c. Base of the third metatarsal d. Trochlear process | b. 1 inch (2.5 cm) inferior to medial malleolus |
| Which of the following projections of the ankle will best demonstrate the open joint space of the lateral aspect of the ankle joint? a. AP mortise projection b. AP oblique with 45° rotation c. Lateromedial ankle d. AP projection | a. AP mortise projection |
| What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the elbow? a. Two b. One c. Four d. Three | d. Three |
| An AP abdomen shows elongation (widening) of left iliac wing & narrowing of right iliac wing. Which is positioning error? a. CR off center to left b. Rotation to left LPO c. Left hip internally rotated more than right hip d. Rotation to right RPO | b. Rotation to the left (left posterior oblique) |
| A supine KUB obese patient shows symphysis & top of left kidney clipped. How to fix? a. Center IR lower & expose on inspiration b. 2 IRs (land), 1 lower & 1 higher c. 2 IRs (port) 1 lower & 1 high d. Center IR higher & 2nd IR to for bladder region | c. Use 2 IRs portrait, 1 center lower & 1 high |
| An AP medial oblique projection of foot, positioned correctly, shows: a. 1st - 5th metatarsals free of superimposition b. 1st & 2nd cuneiform jt space open c. CR centered to midshaft of 3rd metatarsal d. 3rd - 5th metatarsals free of superimposition. | d. third through fifth metatarsals free of superimposition. |
| The radiocarpal (wrist) joint possesses a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. ginglymus b. ellipsoidal c. pivot d. plane | b. ellipsoidal |
| A right or left side marker may be taped over the area of interest to indicate the location of the trauma to the ribs. | FALSE |
| An AP oblique foot w/medial rotation shows considerable superimposition of 3rd - 5th metatarsals. How to fix? a. Decrease obliquity of foot. b. Increase CR angle. c. Decrease CR angle. d. Increase obliquity of the foot. | a. Decrease obliquity of foot. |
| The jugular notch is located on the: a. scapula. b. seventh cervical vertebra. c. sternum. d. thyroid cartilage. | c. sternum. |
| The two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are the: a. ASIS and the symphysis pubis. b. symphysis pubis and the greater trochanter. c. ischial spine and the symphysis pubis. d. ASIS and the crest of ilium. | a. ASIS and the symphysis pubis. |
| The profile of adductor tubercle & excessive superimposition of fib head/neck on mediolateral knee show: a. a true lateral knee. b. underrotation of the knee toward the IR. c. CR should be angled 5° to 7° cephalad. d. overrotation of knee toward IR. | b. underrotation of the knee toward the IR. |
| The adductor tubercle is located on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle. | TRUE |
| The first metacarpophalangeal joint has a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. ellipsoidal b. saddle c. pivot d. plane | a. ellipsoidal |
| Only a small part of the lesser trochanter, if any, will be visible on a well-positioned axiolateral (inferosuperior) lateral hip. | TRUE |
| AP mortise ankle shows lateral malleolus slightly superimposed over talus & lateral jt space not open. Why? a. Excessive medial rotation b. Insufficient medial rotation c. Excessive dorsiflexion d. Excessive plantar flexion | b. Insufficient medial rotation of the foot and ankle |
| Less abduction of femora of only 20° to 30° from vertical provides for the least foreshortening of femoral necks when performing the AP bilateral “frog-leg” projection. | TRUE |
| Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum? a. Ischium and pubis b. Ilium and ischium C. Ischium, pubis, and ilium d. Pubis, ilium, and sacrum | C. Ischium, pubis, and ilium |
| Fracture of distal radius with posterior displacement | Colles’ fracture |
| Transverse fracture through fifth metacarpal neck | Boxer’s fracture |
| Fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement | Smith fracture |
| Fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of distal radius | Barton fracture |
| Fracture of base of first metacarpal | Bennett’s fracture |
| What is major disadvantage of using 45° of flexion for mediolateral knee? a. May cause injury to ACL. b. Can distort any visible fat pads. c. Prevents superimposition of Distal aspect of femoral condyles. D. Draws patella into intercondylar sulcus. | D. Draws the patella into the intercondylar sulcus. |
| How much rotation of the body is required for posterior axial oblique projection for acetabulum (Teufel method)? a. 60° to 70° b. 35° to 40° c. 25° to 30° d. 45° | b. 35° to 40° |
| Xray elbow demonstrates radius directly superimposed over ulna and coronoid process in profile. Which projection of elbow has been performed? a. Lateral b. Lateral (external) rotation oblique c. AP d. Medial (internal) rotation oblique | d. Medial (internal) rotation oblique |
| How many bones are there in the adult axial skeleton? a. 206 b. 126 c. 54 d. 80 | d. 80 |
| The internal prominence or ridge in which the trachea bifurcates into the right and left bronchi is termed the: a. carina. b. costophrenic angle. c. thyroid cartilage. d. hilum. | a. carina. |
| Which carpal bone is the smallest? a. Capitate b. Pisiform c. Scaphoid d. Hamate | b. Pisiform |
| How many carpal bones are found in the wrist? a. 8 b. 7 c. 14 d. 5 | a. 8 |
| Which of the following knee projections requires the use of a special IR holding device? a. Hughston method b. Béclere method c. Bilateral Merchant method d. Camp-Coventry method | c. Bilateral Merchant method |
| The vertebra prominens corresponds to the level of: a. C5. b. C7. c. C4-5. d. T2. | b. C7. |
| A patient enters w/possible hemothorax in right lung. With help, patient can sit erect on cart. Which routines would best show HTX? a. Left lateral decubitus b. RPO and LAO erect c. Right lateral decubitus d. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart | d. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart |
| The interphalangeal joints have a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. ellipsoidal b. saddle c. plane d. ginglymus | d. ginglymus |
| RAO ribs shows left axillary ribs foreshortened & right side elongated. Why? a. PA projection shows left axillary ribs, not RAO b. pt requires more rotation to right c. An LAO was performed rather than the RAO position d. CR angulation was incorrect | c. An LAO was performed rather than the RAO position. |
| The image receptor must be placed parallel to the femoral neck for the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip. | TRUE |
| How should humeral epicondyles be aligned for lateral projection of elbow? a. 30° to image receptor b. Parallel to image receptor C. Perpendicular to image receptor d. 45° to image receptor | C. Perpendicular to image receptor |
| What is purpose of performing AP partially flexed projections of elbow? a. provide view of radial head and capitulum b. separate radial head from ulna C. provide AP view if pt can't fully extend elbow d. demonstrate any possible elevated fat pads | C. To provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow |
| Motion of the patient’s diaphragm can be stopped by providing proper breathing instructions. | TRUE |
| Which of the following structures is not an aspect of the proximal femur? a. Intertrochanteric crest b. Lesser trochanter c. Fovea capitis d. Obturator foramen | d. Obturator foramen |
| A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part ____ to the long axis of the image receptor. a. perpendicular b. parallel c. adjacent d. axial | b. parallel |
| PA axial intercondylar fossa shows fossa foreshortened. Pt prone, knee flexed 40°-45°, CR perp femur, 40" SID, no rotation of lower limb. How fix? a. Increase SID to 48" b. Rotate leg 10° medial c. Reduce knee flex to 20°-30° d. CR perp lower leg. | d. CR must be perpendicular to lower leg. |
| Examples of “flat” bones are the: a. calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum. b. sternum, scapulae, ilia of pelvis, and base of cranium. c. ribs, sternum, patella, and ilia of pelvis. d. sternum and ilia of pelvis only. | a. calvaria, ribs, scapulae, and sternum. |
| The correct CR placement for an AP projection of the knee is midpatella. | FALSE |
| Where would interphalangeal joint be found in foot? a. Between the phalanges of second through fifth digits b. Between the tarsal bones and phalanges c. Between the phalanges of the first digit d. Between any of the metatarsals and phalanges | c. Between the phalanges of the first digit |
| Fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places with associated pulmonary injury is known as a(n) _____ rib injury. a. flail chest b. acute c. compound d. compression | a. flail chest |
| Using hip localization method, femoral head located: a. 1 1/2" below midpoint of line btwn 2 bony landmarks b. 1 " below midpoint of line btwn 2 bony landmarks c. at level symphysis d. 2 1/2" below midpoint of line btwn 2 bony landmarks | a. 1 1/2 inches (4 cm) below the midpoint of the imaginary line between the two bony landmarks. |
| The distal tibiofibular joint is classified as a ____ joint. a. diarthrodial b. synovial c. synarthrodial d. fibrous | d. fibrous |
| The CR for AP supine, adult chest projection, should be centered: a. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch. b. at the xiphoid process. c. at the vertebra prominens. d. to the level of T4. | a. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch. |
| Why keep phalanges parallel to IR for PA oblique hand? a. Prevents foreshortening of phalanges & obscuring of IP joints b. Demonstrates sesamoid bones near 1st IP joint c. Opens up CMC joints d. Prevents foreshortening of radiocarpal joint | a. Prevents foreshortening of phalanges and obscuring of interphalangeal joints. |
| The patellofemoral joint is a ____ joint with a ____ type of movement. a. synovial; ginglymus b. fibrous; immovable c. synovial; bicondylar d. synovial; saddle | d. synovial; saddle |
| The patient is lying on right side on cart. anterior surface of patient is against IR. A horizontal CR enters posterior and exits anterior. What projection/position? a. Left lateral decubitus b. Right lateral decubitus c. AP d. PA | b. Right lateral decubitus |
| Which ribs are considered to be true ribs? a. First only b. Eleventh and twelfth ribs c. First through ninth ribs d. First through seventh ribs | d. First through seventh ribs |
| PA oblique hand reveals midshaft of 4th & 5th MC is superimposed. What happened? a. Excessive lateral rotation of hand and/or wrist b. Fingers not parallel to IR c. Incorrect CR angulation d. Insufficient rotation of hand and/or wrist laterally | a. Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally |
| AP KUB shows obturator foramina clipped. The kidneys and symphysis are shown. How fix? a. 2 14-17" IRs landscape b. Center IR 2" below iliac crest c. No centering adjustments necessary d. Open collimators include ischial tuberosities. | c. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary. |
| A well-inspired healthy adult chest PA projection will have a minimum of ____ posterior ribs seen above the diaphragm. a. 12 b. 7 c. 8 d. 10 | d. 10 |
| Where is CR for PA 3rd digit? a. At the metacarpophalangeal joint b. At the proximal interphalangeal joint c. At the distal interphalangeal joint d. At the head of the third metacarpal | b. At the proximal interphalangeal joint |
| The two most common landmarks for chest positioning are the: a. lower margin of thyroid cartilage and vertebra prominens. b. jugular notch and vertebra prominens. c. top of shoulders and xiphoid process. d. jugular notch and top of shoulders. | b. jugular notch and vertebra prominens. |
| AP ankle shows lateral jt space is not open (lateral malleolus is partially superimposed by talus). superior & medial jt spaces open. How fix? a. Dorsiflex foot b. Nothing; it's acceptable c. Rotate ankle more medially d. Rotate ankle more laterally | b. Nothing; this is an acceptable image. |
| It is legally acceptable to write “right” or “left” on a radiograph if the anatomic side marker is not visible. | FALSE |
| plantodorsal (axial) calcaneus is foreshortened. tech used 60 kV, 6 mAs, 40" SID, 25° cephalad CR long axis of foot. How fix? a. Decrease CR angulation. b. Plantarflex the foot. c. Increase CR angulation. d. Increase kV to 70. | c. Increase CR angulation. |
| A patient is lying on her back facing x-ray tube. The right side of her body is turned 20° toward the IR. What position? a. RPO (right posterior oblique) b. RAO (right anterior oblique) c. LPO (left posterior oblique) d. LAO (left anterior oblique) | a. RPO (right posterior oblique) |
| Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition? a. AP oblique with external rotation b. AP c. AP oblique with internal rotation d. Lateral | a. AP oblique with external rotation |
| The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of: a. L1-2. b. T4-5. c. T7. d. T9-10. | d. T9-10. |
| Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad? a. Coyle method b. Lateral rotation oblique c. True lateral with 90° flexion d. True AP with no rotation | c. True lateral with 90° flexion |
| Which of the following ribs is considered to be a false rib? a. Seventh b. First c. Ninth d. None of the above | c. Ninth |
| A projection in which the CR skims a body part to project it in profile is termed: a. tangential. b. axial. c. decubitus. d. lordotic. | a. tangential. |
| Which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral? a. Trochlea b. Capitulum c. Head of ulna d. Coronoid tubercle | b. Capitulum |
| Which radiographic landmark is most reliable to evaluate the posteroanterior (PA) projection of the abdomen for rotation? a. Ala of ilium (wings) b. Symphysis pubis c. ASIS d. Xiphoid process | a. Ala of ilium (wings) |
| How much CR angle, from the horizontal, is required for the modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection? a. 25° to 30° b. 5° to 10° c. 15° to 20° d. None. The IR must be kept perpendicular to the tabletop. | c. 15° to 20° |
| A patient enters the ED w/possible scaphoid fracture. The patient is unable to assume the ulnar deviation position. Which should be performed to confirm the diagnosis? a. Jones b. Modified Stecher c. Gaynor-Hart d. Coyle | b. Modified Stecher |
| How many carpal bones are there? | 8 |
| Which projection can you use to see the Glenoid cavity? A). AP shoulder B). Internal rotation of the elbow C). Camp Coventry D). Grashey | D). Grashey |
| What projection best demonstrates the sinus tarsi? A) AP Foot B) Mortise ankle C) Stetcher method D) Medial Oblique of foot | D) medial oblique of foot |
| What projection best demonstrates the cuboid? A). Lateral wrist B) mortise ankle C) AP foot D) medial oblique of foot | D) medial oblique of foot |
| What are the 3 projections for an acute abdomen? A) PA, Oblique, Lateral B) AP chest, RPO chest, KUB C) supine chest, erect chest, KUB D) PA chest, erect abdomen, KUB | D) PA chest, erect abdomen, KUB |
| How many projections in a non-trauma elbow? | 4 |
| CR location for AP forearm? | Mid shaft of forearm |
| Where is iliac crest located? | L4-L5 |
| What is the anatomical name of the shin? | Anterior crest |
| What CR angulation for AP projection of knee on patient w/ASIS-to-tabletop measurement of 18 cm? a. 3° to 5° caudad b. 3° to 5° cephalad c. CR is perpendicular to the IR. d. 10° to 15° cephalad | a. 3° to 5° caudad |
| pt w/trauma bony thorax. fx ribs & poss PTX left thorax. DR orders chest study to cf PTX; pt cant stand. Which position will best demonstrate PTX? a. Ventral decubitus b. Left lateral decubitus c. Dorsal decubitus d. Right lateral decubitus | d. Right lateral decubitus |
| How much CR angle, from the horizontal, is required for the modified axiolateral (Clements-Nakayama) projection? a. 25° to 30° b. None. The IR must be kept perpendicular to the tabletop. c. 15° to 20° d. 5° to 10° | c. 15° to 20° |
| How many articular facets make up the subtalar joint? a. Four b. Three c. One d. Two | b. Three |
| A right or left side marker may be taped over the area of interest to indicate the location of the trauma to the ribs. True False | FALSE |
| The left anterior oblique (LAO) position of the sternum provides the best frontal image of the sternum with it superimposed over the heart. | FALSE |
| The adductor tubercle is located on the posterior aspect of the medial femoral condyle. | TRUE |
| Fracture of adjacent ribs in two or more places with associated pulmonary injury is known as a(n) _____ rib injury. a. compound b. flail chest c. compression d. acute | b. flail chest |
| The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx. | FALSE |
| AP KUB obturator foramina cut off bottom of image. kidneys & symphysis pubis shown. What adjustments? a. image correct b. Open collimators for ischial tuberosities c. Center cassette 2 in below iliac crest d. Use 2 14-17-in cassettes landscape | a. This radiograph is correctly centered. No centering adjustments are necessary. |
| What is the minimal number of projections taken for a study of the elbow? a. Four b. One c. Two d. Three | d. Three |
| A lateral elbow shows 1/2 radial head superimposed by coronoid process. Which occurred? a. shoulder not dropped to tabletop level. b. hand pronated not true lateral c. No positioning errors occurred d. hand & wrist rotated laterally:not true lateral | c. No positioning errors occurred. |
| From a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand? a. 45° lateral rotation b. 45° medial rotation c. 30° to 35° medial rotation d. 30° to 35° lateral rotation | a. 45° lateral rotation |
| Decubitus chest projections are placed for viewing the way the image receptor “sees” them. True False | FALSE |
| A 3° to 5° caudad CR angle should be used for an AP knee projection for patients with an ASIS-to-tabletop measurement of 20 cm. | FALSE |
| How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella? a. 45° to 50° b. 5° to 10° c. 20° to 30° d. 35° to 40° | b. 5° to 10° |
| What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning of the AP elbow? a. Trochlea and capitulum b. Humeral epicondyles c. Ulnar and radial heads d. Humeral condyles | b. Humeral epicondyles |
| The distal tibiofibular joint is classified as a ____ joint. a. fibrous b. diarthrodial c. synovial d. synarthrodial | a. fibrous |
| The xiphoid process corresponds to the vertebral level of: a. T4-5. b. T7. c. T9-T10 d. L1-2. | c. T9-T10 |
| What CR angulation is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the foot? a. 10° posterior b. 5° to 7° posterior c. 15° to 20° posterior d. CR is perpendicular to the image receptor. | d. CR is perpendicular to the image receptor. |
| Which special position of knee requires patient be supine w/40° flexion of knee and CR angled 30° from long axis of femur? a. PA axial, Camp-Coventry method b. Bilateral Merchant method c. Tangential, Hughston method d. PA axial, Holmblad method | b. Bilateral Merchant method |
| The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as: a. radial deviation. b. ulnar deviation. c. ulnar extension. d. radial abduction. | b. ulnar deviation. |
| How much central ray (CR) angulation (if any) should be used for an AP projection of the toes (without elevation of forefoot)? a. 20° to 25° toward calcaneus b. 10° to 15° toward calcaneus c. 5° toward calcaneus d. Keep CR perpendicular to IR. | b. 10° to 15° toward calcaneus |
| The foot must be force dorsiflexed so that the long axis of the foot is perpendicular to the image receptor for AP and mortise projections of the ankle. | FALSE |
| Which ribs are considered to be true ribs? a. First through seventh ribs b. Eleventh and twelfth ribs c. First only d. First through ninth ribs | a. First through seventh ribs |
| PA axial intercondylar fossa (Camp-Coventry) fossa foreshortened. pt prone, knee flex 40°/45°, CR perp femur, 40" SID, no rot. How better? a. Reduce flexion 20°/30°. b. CR perp to lower leg. c. Rotate lower leg 10° medial d. Increase SID 48 in | b. CR must be perpendicular to lower leg. |
| A patient w/metal foreign body palm hand. Which hand routines to confirm location of foreign body? a. PA and fan lateral projections b. PA and lateral in flexion projections c. PA and lateral in extension projections d. PA and Gaynor-Hart method | c. PA and lateral in extension projections |
| A patient enters the ED with an injury to the left anterior lower ribs. Which of the following projections should be taken to demonstrate the involved area? a. PA and RAO b. AP and LAO c. PA and LAO d. AP and LPO | a. PA and RAO |
| supine KUB obese pt shows symphysis pubis cut off & top left kidney cut off. How fix? a. two 14-17" IRs portrait, 1 low/2 high b. two 14-17" IRs landscape, 1 low/2 high c. IR higher & use 2nd smaller IR for bladder d. IR lower & expose inspiration | b. Use two 35- ´ 43-cm (14- ´ 17-inch) cassettes landscape, one centered lower and the other one higher. |
| AP 2nd toe reveals IP joints not open. Why? a. Rotation of the toes. b. AP projection was made; should have performed PA projection. c. Excessive SID was used. d. Incorrect or inadequate CR centering or angle. | d. Incorrect or inadequate CR centering or angle. |
| The first metacarpophalangeal joint has a(n) ____ type of joint movement. a. plane b. ellipsoidal c. saddle d. pivot | b. ellipsoidal |
| AP oblique foot w/medial rotation shows superimposition 3rd - 5th metatarsals. How to fix? a. Decrease obliquity of the foot. b. Increase CR angle. c. Decrease CR angle. d. Increase obliquity of the foot. | a. Decrease obliquity of the foot. |
| Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali? a. Base of the fifth metatarsal b. Calcaneus c. Tibia d. Talus | b. Calcaneus |
| A correctly positioned AP 45° medial oblique ankle projection frequently may also demonstrate a fracture of the base of the fifth metatarsal if present. | TRUE |
| possible pneumothorax in left lung. patient cannot stand or sit erect. How best show? a. Right lateral decubitus b. AP supine c. Left lateral decubitus d. Left posterior oblique (LPO) and right posterior oblique (RPO) | a. Right lateral decubitus |
| pt on right side on cart. anterior surface pt against IR. horizontal CR via posterior surface and exits anterior surface of the body. What specific projection/position? a. Right lateral decubitus b. PA c. AP d. Left lateral decubitus | a. Right lateral decubitus |
| Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad? a. True lateral with 90° flexion b. Lateral rotation oblique c. True AP with no rotation d. Coyle method | a. True lateral with 90° flexion |
| A lateromedial projection is one in which the lateral aspect of the anatomy part is closest to the image receptor (IR). | FALSE |
| The CR for an AP supine chest should be aligned: a. at the level of the jugular notch. b. perpendicular to the long axis of the clavicles. c. at the level of the xiphoid process. d. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum. | d. perpendicular to the long axis of sternum |
| Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile? a. AP b. Lateral rotation oblique c. Medial rotation oblique d. Lateral | d. Lateral |
| The xiphoid process is a reliable positioning landmark for determining the lower margin of the lungs for chest positioning. | FALSE |
| Which of the following projections of the patella requires the patient to be placed in a prone position, 50° to 60° flexion of the knee, and a 45° cephalic angle of the CR? a. Hughston method b. Merchant method c. Holmblad method d. Settegast method | a. Hughston method |
| The tubercle portion of a typical rib articulates with the vertebral facet/demifacet. | FALSE |
| Which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral? a. Trochlea b. Capitulum c. Head of ulna d. Coronoid tubercle | b. Capitulum |
| What is the primary center for bone growth termed? a. Metaphysis b. Diaphysis c. Epiphyses d. Epiphyseal plate | b. Diaphysis |
| How many bones are there in the adult axial skeleton? a. 126 b. 206 c. 54 d. 80 | d. 80 |
| Pt w/possible hemothorax in right lung. can sit erect on a cart. How best show? a. Left lateral decubitus b. RPO and LAO erect c. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart d. Right lateral decubitus | c. Erect PA and erect right lateral on cart |
| The central ray (CR) for an anteroposterior (AP) supine, adult chest projection, should be centered: a. at the vertebra prominens. b. to the level of T4. c. at the xiphoid process. d. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch. | d. 3 to 4 inches (8 to 10 cm) below the jugular notch. |
| Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal? a. Styloid process b. Capitulum c. Radial tuberosity d. Radial head | a. Styloid process |
| PA oblique hand shows midshaft of 4th/5th metacarpals superimposed. what happened? a. Incorrect CR angle b. Fingers not parallel to IR c. Excessive rotation of hand and/or wrist laterally d. Insufficient rotation of hand and/or wrist laterally | c. Excessive rotation of the hand and/or wrist laterally |
| How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection? a. 45° to 60° lateral b. No rotation is necessary. c. 25° to 30° medial d. 15° to 20° medial | d. 15° to 20° medial |
| Which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (third) cuneiform? a. AP oblique with medial rotation b. Mediolateral projection c. AP oblique with lateral rotation d. AP projection | a. AP oblique with medial rotation |
| What is the name of the structure that serves as a common passageway for both food and air? a. Epiglottis b. Larynx c. Esophagus d. Pharynx | d. Pharynx |
| Why bad to use 45° of flexion for mediolateral projection of knee? a. May cause injury to ACL. b. Can distort any visible fat pads. c. Prevents superimposition of distal aspect of femoral condyles. d. Draws the patella into the intercondylar sulcus. | d. Draws the patella into the intercondylar sulcus |
| AP medial oblique projection foot should demonstrate: a. 1st & 2nd cuneiform joint space open. b. 1st - 5th metatarsals free of superimposition. c. CR centered to midshaft of 3rd metatarsal. d. 3rd - 5th metatarsals free of superimposition. | d. third through fifth metatarsals free of superimposition. |
| At what level should the central ray (CR) be placed for a left lateral decubitus projection of the abdomen? a. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest b. Umbilicus c. ASIS d. Iliac crest | a. 2 inches (5 cm) above iliac crest |
| For AP weight-bearing knee projection on an average patient, CR should be: a. 10° caudad. b. perpendicular to the image receptor. c. perpendicular to IR, but SID should increase 60 inches d. 5° to 10° cephalad. | b. perpendicular to the image receptor. |
| Which aspect of the rib articulates with the thoracic vertebral body? a. Neck b. Tubercles c. Facets d. Head | d. Head |
| What CR angle should be used for a mediolateral projection of the knee on a short, wide-pelvis patient? a. 7° to 10° cephalad b. 5° cephalad c. 5° to 10° caudad d. No CR angle is required. | a. 7° to 10° cephalad |
| Which plane divides the body into equal right and left halves? a) MSP b) MCP c) MOP d) MTP | a) MSP |
| Which plane cuts the body into equal front and back halves? a) MCP b) MSP c) MOP d) MTP | a) MCP |
| What organ causes the right lung to sit higher than the left lung? a) Liver b) Spleen c) Stomach d) Diaphragm | a) Liver |
| On a good AP pelvis radiograph, which structure should not be seen? a) Lesser trochanters b) Greater trochanters c) ASIS d) Iliac Crest | a) Lesser trochanters |
| Which projection is used for a trauma hip? a) Danelius-Miller b) Judet c) Taylor d) Modified Cleaves | a) Danelius-Miller |
| What are the rules for adjusting technique for an axial calcaneus? a) Increase 3-4x mAs of a good lateral calcaneus b) Decrease 3-4x mAs of a good lateral calcaneus c) Reduce Kvp by 10 and ½ mAs d) Increase mAs by 25% of a good lateral calcaneus | a) Increase 3-4x mAs of a good lateral calcaneus |
| Why do you want part being imaged to be parallel to the IR? a) To maintain open joint spaces and reduce distortion b) To view the farthest part from the IR more clearly c) To make bone markings more visible d) To make the patient more comfortable | a) To maintain open joint spaces and reduce distortion |
| How many metacarpals are in the hand? a) 5 b) 4 c) 14 d) 27 | a) 5 |
| What angle is used for a mortise projection? a) 15° medial rotation b) 45° medial rotation c) 15° lateral rotation d) 45° lateral rotation | a) 15° medial rotation |
| The term for an above average (large and broad framed) body habitus? a) Hypersthenic b) Sthenic c) Hyposthenic d) Asthenic | a) Hypersthenic |
| What is the CR location for a PA hand? a) 3rd MCP b) 3rd PIP c) Between 3rd MCP and distal carpals d) Center of hand | a) 3rd MCP |
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Larobbins
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