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Immunizations 411

Immunizations

QuestionAnswer
The ability of the human body to tolerate self vs foreign material. Immunity
Protection from an infectious disease Immunity
Foreign substance, live or inactivated, evokes an immune response Antigen
Proteins produced by B-lymphocytes. Attach and destroy antigen. Antibody
Protection produced by person's own immune sstem. Protection usually permanent Active immunity
Protection by products produced by animals or other humans. Protection temporary. Passive immunity
Whole viruses or bacteria. Various fractions. Killed/inactivated vaccines
Replication mimics natural infection. (viral, bacterial) Live/attenuated/weakened vaccines
Inactivation of biological toxin usually by mixing w/ formaldehyde. Can still produce antibody response. Toxoids
Sugar capsule on surface of bacteria. Polysaccharides
Not consistently immunogenic in children under 2. No booster effect. (ex: Pneumococcal, H. flu, meningococcal) Pure Polysaccharide (T-Cell independent immunity)
Increased immunogenity in infants. Booster effect. (ex: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine) Conjugate polysaccharide (T-Cell dependent immunity)
Traditional vaccine contains whole cell pertussis vaccine. First developed in 1930. Effective, but had adverse reactions. Replaced. Whole vaccines-DTwP
Contains acellular fragment of pertussis bacteria. Licensed for use in 1996. Fewer adverse reactions. Duration 5-10 yrs Partial vaccine
Measles spread respiratory
Measles classic symptoms fever, cough, conjuctivitis, Koplik spots, RASH
Mumps spread respiratory
Rubella spread respiratory
Varicella spread respiratory or contact w/ lesions
Pertussis spread respiratory
Diptheria spread respiratory
Tetanus spread puncture type wounds
Poliomyelitis spread respiratory
Pneumococcal Disease spread respiratory
Influenza spread respiratory
Hep A spread fecal-oral, person to person, food
Hep B spread body fluid
H. flu type B spread respiratory
Meningococcal spread respiratory
Mumps symptoms rash, HA, fever, malaise, parotitis
Rubella symptoms rash, lymphadenopathy
Varicella symptoms 200-1000 pruritic vesicles or lesions in trunk area
Pertussis symptoms paroxysmal cough lasting 1-6 wks
Diptheria symptoms neck swelling, sore throat, adherent membrane to tonsils
Tetanus symptoms lockjaw (trismus), muscle rigidity, spasms, difficulty swallowing
Polio symptoms paralysis
Pneumococcal disease symptoms fever, productive cough, SOB, fatigue
Influenza symptoms fever, myalgia, sore throat, non-productive cough
Hep A symptoms fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, dark urine
Hep B symptoms Acute: jaundice Chronic: cirrhosis, liver cancer, death
H. flu type B symptoms meningitis-like symptoms, fever
Meningococcal symptoms vomiting, HA, fever, stiff neck, light sensitivity, seizures
Fever, cough, conjuctivitis, Koplik spots, RASH Measles symptoms
Rash, HA, fever, malaise, parotitis Mumps symptoms
Rash, lymphadenopathy Rubella symptoms
Pruritic vesicles or lesions Varicella symptoms
Paroxysmal cough lasting 1-6 wks Pertussus symptoms
Neck swelling, sore throat, adherent membrane to tonsils Diptheria symptoms
Trismus (lockjaw), muscle rigidy and spasms, difficulty swallowing Tetanus symptoms
Paralysis Polio symptom
Fever, productive cough, SOB, fatigue Pneumococcal symptoms
Fever, myalgia, sore throat, non-productive cough Influenza symptoms
Fever, nausea, vomiting, jaundice, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, dark urine Hep A symptoms
Acute: Jaundice, Chronic: Cirrhosis, liver cancer, death Hep B symptoms
Meningitis-like symptoms, fever H. flu type B symptoms
Vomiting, HA, fever, stiff neck, light sensitivity, seizures Meningococcal symptoms
Decreasing interval interfere w/ antibody response and protection, dose doesn't count
Increasing interval doesn't reduce effectiveness. does delay protection
Simultaneous administration contraindications none
Non-simultaneous administration/2 inactivated/killed vaccines no minimum time
Non-simultaneous administration Inactivated and live vaccines no minimum time
Non-simultaneous administration 2 live vaccines 4 week minimum interval
Created by: lbreimeir
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