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The _______ ______ transports a fluid called lymph through lymph capillaries and vessels called lymphatics.
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The lymphatic system controls ____ _____ and destroys harmful ____________.
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ap 100 FAP
ch. 15
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The _______ ______ transports a fluid called lymph through lymph capillaries and vessels called lymphatics. | lymphatic system |
| The lymphatic system controls ____ _____ and destroys harmful ____________. | body fluids, microorganisms |
| The ________ of the lymphatic system are to drain interstitial fluid from tissue spaes, to tranport fats and to develop immunities and to produce lymphocytes. | function |
| _________ _____ is blood plasma that gets forced through the blood capillary walls into spaces between tissue cells. | interstital fluid |
| _____ _______ drain interstital fluid. | lymph capillaries |
| lymph capillaries drain interstitial fluid, which is then called ______. | lymph |
| In the villi of the small intestine, special lymphatics called __________ pick up fats and transport them to the blood. | lacteals |
| Lymph in lacteals looks milky and is called ________. | chyle |
| ______ _____ originate between cells in most parts of the body. | lymphatic vessels |
| Lymph capillaries unite to form later vessel called __________. | lymphatics |
| __________ resemble veins but are thinner and have more valves. | lymphatics |
| ______ ensure a one way flow of lymph. | valves |
| All lymphatics converge into two main channels: The ______ ______ and the _____ _____ _______. | thoracic duct , right lymphatic duct. |
| lymph nodes are also called lymph _______. | glands |
| _____ ______ are found along the lenghts of lymphatics. | lymph nodes |
| Groupings of ______ ______ are present in the groin, armpit and neck region. | lymph nodes |
| a slight depression on one side of the lymph node is called the ________. | hilum |
| ______ _______ exit the lymph node at the hilum | efferent lymphatics |
| _____ _____ and ______ enter and exit the lymph node at the hilum | blood vessels, nerves |
| _______ lymphatics enter the lymph node at various locations on the node. | afferent |
| Capular extensions of the node are called ________. | trabecule |
| ______ divide the lymph node internally into a series of compartments with germinal centers. | trabecule |
| The germinal centers of the lymph node produce ________. | lymphocytes |
| Plasma, filtgered by the blood capillaries, passes into interstitial tissue spaces and is now called _______ ______. | interstitial fluid. |
| afferent lymphatics ______ the lymph nodes. | enter |
| efferent lymphatics _______ the lymph nodes. | leave |
| circulation of lymph is maintained by _______ ________. | muscular contractions |
| efferent lymphatics unite to form ______ _______. | lymph trunks |
| The _____ _____ drains the lower extremities and pelvis. | lumbar trunk |
| The _______ ______ drains the abdominal region. | intestinal trunk |
| The ____________ _____ and the intercostal trunk drain the thorax. | bronchomediastinal trunk |
| The ______ _____ drains the head and neck. | subclavian trunk |
| The _____ _____ drains the head and neck. | jugular trunk |
| ______ drain their lymph into two main collecting ducts. | trunks |
| The _______ ______ empties its lymph into the left subclavian vein. | thoracic duct |
| The main duct is called the _____ ____. | thoracic duct |
| The two ducts that trunks drain their lymph into are the main duct and the _____ ______ duct. | right lymphatic |
| The _____ ______ duct drains into the right subclavian vein. | right lymphatic |
| The three groups of tonsils are the ______ tonsils, the ________ tonsils, and the _______ tonsils. | palatine, pharyngeal, lingual |
| The _______ tonsils are commonly removed in a tonsillectomy. | palatine |
| The _______ tonsils are also called adenoids | pharyngeal |
| The tonsils are composed of ____________ cells that protect the nose and oral cavity from pathogens. | reticuloendothelial |
| The ______ is the single largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. | spleen |
| The ______ _____ is the site for lymphocyte production and maturation. | thymus gland |
| _____ _____ resemble tonsils but are found in the walls of the small intestine where their macrophages destroy bacteria. | peyer's patches |
| ________ is the ability to resist infection from microoganisms, damage from foreignsubstances and harmful chemicals. | Immunity |
| Humoral immunity and cellular immunity are produced by the body's ________ tissues. | lymphoid |
| _______ ______ produces two groups of lymphocytes: The B lymphocyte cells and the T lymphocyte cells. | Lymphoid tissue |
| ___ lymphocyte cells produce antibodies and provide humoral immunity. | B |
| ___ lymphocyte cells are responsible for providing cellular immunity. | T |
| B cells that enter tissues and become specialized cells are known as _____ cells. | plasma |
| An ______ is a foreign protein that gains access to our bodies. | antigen |
| The __ _________ recognize antigens and produce antibodies. | B lymphocytes |
| _______ _____ ____ _____ eat up invading microoganisms. | phagocytic white blood cells |
| The antibody molecule has a __ shape. | Y |
| The binding sites of the antibody molecule are the _____ of the Y. | tips |
| Antibodies are alsocalled ____________. (Ig) | immunoglobulins |
| There are ____ types of Ig that make up the gamma globulins of blood plasma. | 5 |
| Ig__ is found in tissue fluids and plasma. | G |
| Ig__ is found in exocrine gland secretions, tears, bile, breast milk, and urine. | A |
| Ig__ is found in plasma as a response to bacteria in food. | M |
| Ig__ is found on the surface of B cells. | D |
| Ig__ is associated with allergic reactions found in exocrine gland secreations. | E |
| ______ immunity occurs when B cells contact antigens and produce antibodies against them. | active |
| ______ immunity occurs naturally when a fetus receives antibodies from its mother through the placenta. | Passive |
| Passive immunity is ____ lived | short |
| __ cells cannot bine with free antigens like B cells. | T |
| T cells must go through antigen presentation via ___________ to bind with free antigens. | Macrophages |
| B cells replication produces ______ that form plasma cells and memory cells. | clones |
| _____ cells produce huge ammounts of antibodies. | plasma cells |
| _____ cells attack virus-invaded body cells and cancer cells. | killer T |
| _____ cells bind with specific antigens presented by macrophages. | Helper T |
| Helper T cells release _______ and stimulate the production of killer T cells and more B cells. | Lymphokines |
| Killer T cells also reject ____ grafts. | body |
| ______ cells slow down the activity of B and T cells once the infection is controlled. | Suppressor T |
| _____ cells are the descendants of activated B and T cells that remain in the body for years, allowing the body to respond to future infections. | Memory |
| _______ engulf and digest antigens and present them to T cells for recognition. | Macrophages |
| _________ are chemicals released by T cells. | lymphokines |
| ____ keeps macrophages in the inflamed and infected area. | MIF |
| _______ are chemicals produced by macrophages. | Monokines |
| ____ kills tumor cells and attracts granular leukocytes. | TNF |
| _________ causes the lysis of microorganisms and enhances the inflammatory response. | compliment |
| _____ is a mechanical barrier. | skin |
| ______ , in tears and saliva, attacks bacteria. | lysozyme |
| ______ ______ trap microoganisms and debris | mucous membrane |
| _____ _____ in the stomach destroys most microorganisms. | Hydrochloric acid |
| ______ ______ is characterized by an abnormal enlargement of the spleen caused by hemorages that develop from the stomach and fluid accumulating in the abdomen. | splenic anemia |
| ______ _____ is a disease of the lymphatic system with historical implications. | bubonic plaque |
| ________ is an inflammation of the lymphatic vessels with acompanying red streaks visible in the skin. | lymphangitis |
| _______ is an inflammation of lymph nodes or glands. | lymphadenitis. |
| ______ is a tumor of lymphatic tissue. | lymphoma |
| ______ are hypersensitive reactions to common , normal, harmless environmental substances referred to as allergens. | allergies |
| _______ is an abnormal enlargement of the spleen | splenomegaly |
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airdude