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Psychology
helping y'all out
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| emotion | a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors, and (3) conscious experience. |
| James-Lange theory | the theory that our experience of emotion is our aware- ness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli |
| Cannon-Bard theory | the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultane- ously triggers (1) physiological respons- es and (2) the subjective experience of emotion. |
| two-factor theory | the Schachter- Singer theory that to experience emo- tion one must (1) be physically aroused and (2) cognitively label the arousal |
| polygraph | a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measures several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion (such as perspi- ration and cardiovascular and breathing changes). |
| catharsis | emotional release. In psy- chology, the catharsis hypothesis main- tains that "releasing" aggressive energy (through action or fantasy) relieves aggressive urges. |
| feel-good, do-good phenomenon | people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood. |
| subjective well-being | self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life. Used along with measures of objective well- being (for example, physical and eco- nomic indicators) to evaluate people's quality of life. |
| adaptation-level phenomenon | our tendency to form judgments (of sounds, of lights, of income) relative to a neutral level defined by our prior experience |
| :relative deprivation | the perception that one is worse off relative to those with whom one compares oneself |
| :behavioral medicine | an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavioral and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease. |
| health psychology | a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine. |
| stress | the process by which we per- ceive and respond to certain events, called stressors, that we appraise as threatening or challenging |
| general adaptation syndrome (GAS) | Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three states—alarm, resistance, exhaustion. |
| coronary heart disease | the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in many developed countries. |
| Type A | Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people. |
| Type B | Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people. |
| psychophysiological illness | literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches |
| psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) | the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health. |
| lymphocytes | the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system |
| B lymphocytes | form in the bone marrow and release antibodies that fight bacterial infections; |
| T lymphocytes | form in the thymus and other lym- phatic tissue and attack cancer cells, viruses, and foreign substances |
| coping | alleviating stress using emo- tional, cognitive, or behavioral methods. |
| problem-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with that stressor. |
| emotion-focused coping | attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and attending to emotional needs related to one's stress reaction |
| aerobic exercise | sustained exercise that increases heart and lung fitness; may also alleviate depression and anxiety. |
| biofeedback | a system for electroni- cally recording, amplifying, and feeding back information regarding a subtle physiological state, such as blood pres- sure or muscle tension. |
| complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) | When research shows a therapy to be safe and effective, it usually then becomes part of accepted medical practice |
| AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) | Immune system disease caused by the a virus which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer |
| HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) | A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. |
| pessimism | the tendency to focus on the negative and expect the worst |
| Depression | A prolonged feeling of helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness |
| Carcinogen | A cancer-causing substance |
Created by:
Oof_God
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