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Patho
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acute cystitis - Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) | involvement of lower urinary tract. A great majority of cases of pyelonephritis are associated with infection of the lower urinary tract (i.e., cystitis). |
| acute pyelonephritis. - Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) | a common suppurative inflammation of the kidney and the renal pelvis caused by bacterial infection |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) | Principal causative organisms: E. coli (primary); others: Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) | Through the bloodstream (hematogenous) and from the lower urinary tract (i.e., ascending infection. This is the most common route for ascending infection). May result from seeding of the kidneysbybacteria in the course of septicemia or infective endocardi |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) Pathogenesis steps: | Adhesion of bacteria to mucosal surfaces, |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) clinical course | Often associated with predisposing conditions: |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) clinical course | Vesicoureteral reflux: incompetence of vesicoureteral (VUR) orifice (usually this orifice is one way; if incompetent – reflux of urine might happen; incompetence usually a congenital defect) allows bacteria to ascend the ureter into the pelvis |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) clinical course | Pregnancy |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) clinical course | Preexisting renal lesions: causing intrarenal scarring and obstruction |
| acute cystitis- acute pyelonephritis.- Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) presentation | Usually sudde-(chills, fever, malaise Pyuria (pus in urine) and bacteriuria bacteria in urine) Irritation of bladder and ureters Usually self-limiting (about a week); unilateral May become chronic /recurring- may with overwhelming sepsis and ren. fail. |
| Define cryptorchidism and recognize its association with testicular cancer. | Cryptorchidism- incomplete descent of the testis from abdomen to scrotum. (in 1% of 1yo males) |
| Describe the risk factors and clinical presentation of penile cancer. | Squamous cell carcinoma and precursor lesions are most important penile lesions, associated w/ HPV infection. Occurs on glans or shaft of penis as an ulcerated infiltrative lesion that may spread to inguinal nodes and infrequently to distant sites. |
| Acute prostatitis | follows bladder infection, urine reflux Causative organisms:Gram negative bacilli, STDs |
| Chronic Prostatitis | relapsing urinary infections Causative organisms: gram negative bacilli, STDs Characteristics: associated with TB |
| Describe the causes and clinical features of prostate cancer. | Etiology: most common cancer in men 65-75 yrs, (more common in Af. Americans than Caucasians), usually adenocarcinoma. Exact cause generally unknown, but hormonal influence is suspected. |
| Describe the causes and clinical features of prostate cancer. | Clinic: most common in peripheral glands and may be palpable by rectal exam. Symptoms: urethral obstruction, difficulty w/ urination, sometimes asymptomatic (aggressiveness varies) |
| Describe the causes and clinical features of prostate cancer. | Spread: direct- to base of bladder and adj. tissues, lymphatic- to pelvic and para-aortic nodes and vascular- to bone (usually in advanced cases) |
| Describe the causes and clinical features of nodular hyperplasia of the prostate (aka: benign prostatic hyperplasia | Pathogenesis: nodular hyperplasia of prostatic glands, causes obstruction, hormones play a role Presentation: urination difficult, positive rectal exam, |
| Gonorrhea | 1 of most common STDs affecting genitourinary tract, caused by N. gonorrrhoeae. features/men:dysuria (painful urin), incr. urination, and mucopurulent urethral exudate w/i 2-7 days post infection. |
| Gonorrhea | C.F in women include dysuria, lower pelvic pain and vaginal discharge. |
| Gonorrhea | Men: can spread to prostate, epididymis, and testis, causing sterility and urethral stricture. |
| Gonorrhea | Women: initial lesions on cervix and urethra less prominent than in males, ascending infection can cause scarring of fallopian tubes and ovaries leading to sterility. Can be passed to newborns eyes in birth canal. |
| Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) and Cervicitis | most common STDs, majority are caused by C. trachomatis (Chlamydia infection?), and the rest by T. vaginalis, U. urealyticum, and M. genitalium. |
| Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU) and Cervicitis | Very similar symptoms to gonorrhea. 1 infection characterized by mucopurulent discharge w/ predominance of neutrophils; also can include a reactive arthritis (HLA-B27 positive patients). |
| bladder cancer. risk factors | Risk Factors: Affect men 3x more, us. dev. betw/ 50-70yrs. -50xs more common in people exposed to β-naphthylamine. |
| bladder cancer. risk factors | -Cigarettes, chronic cystitis, schistosomiasis of bladder (caused by worms in dirty water that enter bladder and lay spiky eggs, nasty!) also increase likelihood. |
| bladder cancer. clinical course | Clinical course: Painless hematuria (blood in urine) is dominant clinical presentation. Lesions range from small benign papillomas to large invasive cancers. |
| bladder cancer. clinical course | In general w/ low-grade, shallow lesions, the prognosis after removal is good, but when deep penetration of the bladder wall has occurred, the 5yr survival rate is less than 20% |
| Identify Wilms tumor as a common organ cancer in children. | done |
| renal cell carcinoma. | In general, kidney carcinomas are most common between the ages of 60-70 and are twice as likely to occur in men. |
| renal cell carcinoma | Risk Factors: Smoking, Hypertension, Obesity, Occupational exposure to cadmium, Individuals with acquired polycystic disease. |
| renal cell carcinoma | Clinical Course: |
| renal cell carcinoma | Long Version- Most frequent presenting manifestation is hematuria (occurs in 50% of cases). Larger tumors may produce flank pain and a palpable mass. Fever may occur. Polycythemia (increase in red blood cell concentration) occurs in 5-10% of patients. |
| renal cell carcinoma | In many people, these tumors are often not discovered until metastized (most commonly to lungs/bone). Rarely, these tumors produce hormone-like substances, resulting in paraneoplastic syndromes such as hypercalcemia, hypertension, Cushing syndrome-fem/mas |
| renal stones (aka: urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) | Nearly 80% of all kidney stones are derived from calcium oxalate (mixed with ca PO4). Many predisposing factors are involved with the calcium stones, the most important=the increased urine concentration of the stone's constituents |
| renal stones (aka: urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) | leading to supersat. of solutes. Most people absorb calcium via the gut (absorptive hypercalcemia). |
| renal stones (aka: urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) | For the other kinds of renal stones, magnesium ammonium phosphate stones occur in individuals with alkaline urine due to tract infections. For uric acid stones, gout and other diseases with rapid cell turnover lead to high uric acid levels. |
| renal stones (aka: urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) | Stones, especially large stones,m ay be present without producing and real symptoms or damage. |
| renal stones (aka: urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis) | Smaller stones that pass into the ureter create an intense pain radiating toward the groin known as renal (ureter) colic. Stones obstruct urine and can cause ulceration and bleeding, leaving the individual susceptive to bacterial infection. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | AKA autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Characterized by multiple cysts on both kidneys that ultimately destroy kidney cells.Causes: By inheritance of one of at least two autosomal dominant genes. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Clinical Course: Usually asymptomatic until the fourth decade (although cysts may start to develop in adolescence), by which time the kidneys are very large. Patients most often complain of flank pain or heavy dragging senssation |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Could cause excruciating pain, intermittent hematuria (blood in urine), or saccular aneurysms of circle of Willis (group of arteries in brain). Most important complications are hypertension and urinary infection |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Ultimately fatal, but condition is relatively stable and progresses slowly. End-stage renal failure occurs at about age 50. Nearly normal life spans are reported. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Those with end-stage renal failure have renal transplants. Death us. results from uremia or hT complications. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Chronic pyelonephritis is characterized with interstitial inflammation and scarring of the renal parenchyma, which is associated with grossly visible scarring and deformity of the pelvicalyceal system. |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | It is an important cause of chronic renal failure.1 or both kidneys may be involved. When bilateral, the kidneys are not equally damaged and contracted. This uneven scarring is useful in distinguishing chronic pyelonephritis from other kidney diseases |
| Define chronic pyelonephritis, and recognize its association with chronic renal failure. | Two different types of chronic pyelonephritis are chronic obstructive pyelonephritis and chronic reflux-associated pyelonephritis. |
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