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psyc quiz 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Motor Development | The progression of the muscular coordination required for physical activities. |
| Maturation | Development that reflects the gradual unfolding of one's genetic blueprint. |
| Attachment | A close, emotional bond of affection between infants and their caregivers. |
| Separation anxiety | Emotional distress seen in many infants when they are separated from people with whom they have formed an attachment |
| Stage | A developmental period during which characteristic patterns of behavior are exhibited and certain capacities become established. |
| Cognitive development | Transitions in youngster's patterns if thinking , including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving |
| Object permanence | Recognizing that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visible |
| Conservation | Piaget's term for the awareness that physical quantities remain constant in spite of changes in their shape or appearance |
| Irreversibility | The ability to envision reversing an action |
| Egocentrism | A limited ability to share another person's viewpoint. |
| Secondary sex characteristics | physical features that are associated with gender but that are not directly involved in reproduction. |
| Compensation | According to Alder, efforts to overcome imagined or real inferiorities by developing one's abilities |
| Personality trait | A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations |
| Factor analysis | Statistical analysis of correlations among many variables to identify closely related clusters of variables |
| Id | According to Freud, the primitive, instinctive component of personality that operates according to the pleasure principle |
| Ego | According to Freud, the decision-making component of personality that operates according to the reality principle |
| Superego | According to Freud, the moral component of personality that incorporates social standards about what represents right and wrong |
| Conscious | One's awareness of internal and external stimuli |
| Self-concept | A collection of belief's about one's own nature, unique qualities, and typical behavior. |
| Unconscious | According to Freud, thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness, but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior. |
| Defense mechanisms | Largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions, such as anxiety and guilt. |
| Repression | Keeping distressing thoughts and feeling buried in the unconscious |
| Archetypes | According to Jung, emotionally charged images and thought forms that have universal meaning |
| Collective unconscious | According to Jung, a storehouse of latent memory traces inherited from people's ancestral past. |
| Behaviorism | A theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior. |
| Self-efficacy | One's beliefs about one's ability to perform behaviors that should lead to expected outcomes. |
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