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TLHS Phy Sci #3
Properties of Atoms, Periodic Table, & Elements and Their Properties
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Atom | smallest part of an element that has all the properties of the element |
| nucleus | positively charged center of the atom |
| proton | positively charged particle in the nucleus |
| neutron | particle in the nucleus, has no charge |
| electron | negatively charged particle that surrounds the nucleus in a cloud |
| electron cloud | area around the nucleus where electrons are found |
| Thomson model | Cookie model: positive dough with chocolate chip electrons |
| Rutherford model | Peach model: protons are the pit and electrons are the flesh |
| Bohr model | Planet model: nucleus (with protons & neutrons inside) is the sun, and electrons are in orbit like the planets |
| Electron Cloud model | Nucleus is surrounded by a "cloud" of electrons. Electrons have no fixed position |
| Atomic Number | number of protons. used to identify each element |
| Atomic mass | protons + neutrons |
| isotope | elements with the same number of protons, but DIFFERENT numbers of neutrons |
| periodic table | arrangement of elements by increasing atomic number |
| period | row of the periodic table |
| group | column of the periodic table |
| electron dot diagram | element symbol with up to 8 dots for the electrons in the highest energy level |
| metal | located on the left & middle of the periodic table |
| nonmetal | located on the right of the periodic table |
| metalloid | located between metals and nonmetals in/along a stair step line |
| valence electrons | electrons available for bonding |
| metal | elements that are: shiny malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity |
| malleable | can be hammered or rolled into sheets |
| ductile | can be drawn into wire |
| transition element | elements in groups 3 - 12 |
| inner transition element | Lanthanides & Actinides - bottom two rows of the periodic table |
| nonmetal | elements with properties that are opposite of metals. Usually gases or solids at room temp. |
| metalloid | have some properties of metals and some of nonmetals |
| semiconductor | can conduct electricity under certain conditions |
| Noble Gases | group 18 on the periodic table |
| Halogens | group 17 on the periodic table |
| Alkaline Earth metals | group 2 on the periodic table |
| Alkali metals | group 1 on the periodic table - does not include Hydrogen |
Created by:
lwhitesittlakeland
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