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Neuro 8.25.09
rehab intro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Nagi model | Disease > impairment > Functional limitation > disability |
| glutamate | excitory neurotansmitter, primarily CNS |
| GABA | inhibitory neurotransmitter, primarily CNS |
| Dopamine | motor & cognitive neurotransmitter |
| norepinephrine | sympathetic & CNS "fight or flight" - cardiac & nervous systems |
| CNS | brain & spinal cord |
| PNS | cranial & spinal nerves |
| upper motor neuron | tracts located in brain |
| lower motor neuron | from anterior horn to skeletal (brain stem down) |
| neuron | basic unit |
| neuroglia | support cells; astrocyte, oligodendrocytes, microglia |
| astrocyte | vascular support (spider) |
| oligodendrocyte | maintain myelin sheath, promote satilite cells |
| microglia | macrophages post injury, migrate near capilaries |
| Cranial Nerve I | olfactory |
| Cr N II | optic |
| Cr N III | Oculomotor |
| Cr N IV | trochlear |
| Cr N V | trigeminal |
| Cr N VI | Abducens |
| Cr N VII | facial |
| Cr N VIII | Vestibulocochlear |
| Cr N IX | glossoharyngeal |
| Cr N X | Vagus |
| Cr N XI | spinal accessory |
| Cr N XII | hypoglossal |
| Olfactory | smell |
| optic | vision & pupillary reflexes |
| oculomotor | movement of eye & lid |
| trochlear | movement of the eye |
| trigeminal | face, eye & mouth sensation & chewing |
| abducens | abducts eye |
| facial | taste & tongue sensations, facial expressions, eyelid closing |
| vestibulocochlear | vestibular/cochlear function (hearing, balance & position of head) |
| glossopharyngeal | sensory post third of tongue & pharynx. swallowing motor |
| vagus | speech, swallowing muscle & gag reflex. sympathetic |
| spinal accessory | larynx, upper trapezius & SCM |
| hypoglossal | tongue movement |
| phrenic nerve innervates? | diaphragm |
| largest component of the brain w/2 hemispheres | cerebrum |
| depression in cerebrum | sulci |
| ridges in cerebrum | gyri |
| deep groove in cerebrum | fissure |
| area of motor control- Brodmans area, uncomplicated & intricate movement; cognitive-intelligence, math calc, memory; executive function -trunk, postural adjustment, sequence, initiation of movement, vestibular & coordinated bilateral movement | frontal lobe |
| what area of brain is responsible for sensory interpretation learning, input is given meaning | parietal lobe in cerebrum |
| what area of brain is responsible for auditory, visual & memory | temporal lobe of cerebrum |
| what area of the brain is responsible for visual & interpretation | occipital lobe of cerebrum |
| what area of brain is responsible for attach meaning to input | association where sensory lobe is able to...... |
| what characteristics are in the left hemisphere? | verbal & written expression, organization, math, behavior |
| what characteristics are in the right hemisphere? | creativity, quick analysis of info, hand-eye coord, postural & spacial awareness, reason, perception of tone |
| what seperates the right and left hemisphere of brain? | interhemispheric or medial longitudinal fissure |
| thalamus & hypothalamus are found where? | diencephalon |
| thalamus does? | bridge - relays info to appropriate portion of sensory cortex, and motor from BG & cerebellum |
| hypothalamus does? | autonomic regulation, endocrine system, BP, hunger, thirst, sleep/wake cycles & temperature, emotion |
| function of limbic system | assigns memory to senses, ties emotions & memory together, bottom part of lobes of brain |
| diencephalon function | bridge to storage |
| basal ganglia | regulates motor - postural, motor tone & control, volitional movement, cognitive function |
| "little brain" | cerebellum |
| responsible for sensory and motor | cerebellum |
| responsible for balance, proprioception & complex movement | cerebellum |
| responsible for timing, sequence & force of movement, assists in maintaining balance & posture | cerebellum |
| "remembers how to do it" | cerebellum |
| connects diencephalon to pons, relay station between cerebellum, cord & cerebrum | mid brain |
| relay station from cerebellum, cerebrum & cord, responsible for weight shifting & fine coordination | pons |
| upper cord, carries messages, sensory, cardiopulm, facial control, reflexive vomitting (gag), sneezing & swallowing | medulla |
| supplies blood to the anterior and lateral, cerebrum, face & eyes | carotid |
| supplies blood posteriorly, cerebrum, brain stem, cerebellum | vertebral |
| connective tissue membrane | meninges |
| tough, thick membrane surrounds the brain | dura mater |
| middle seal surrounds cord & brain, middle layer | arachnoid, betw dura mater & pia mater |
| thin, inner, vascular closely around brain and spinal cord | pia mater |
| spaces betw meninges layers | epidural, subdural, subarachnoid |
| system that protects and nourishes the brain, allows CSF to flow and cushion brain | ventricular system |
| part of the ventricular system responsible for anterior frontal lobe, inferior temporal lobe, posterior occipital lobe | lateral ventricle |
| system responsible for diencephalon | 3rd ventricle |
| system responsble for stem & cerebellum | 4th ventricle |
| link from brain to body, extends from medulla to L1-2 | spinal cord |
| carry signal from brain to periphery | efferent fibers |
| opposite of efferent, carry information to the CNS | afferent fibers |
| terminal end of spinal cord is? ends where? | conus medularis, ends at L1-2 |
| extends from end of spinal cord, extension of nerves | cauda equina |
| posterior horn for ______response | sensory |
| anterior horn ______response | motor |
| ~ T1-L2 and autonomic response is in______ | lateral horn |
| trunk & LE proprioception, 2 pt discrimination, vibration & graphesthesia in what tract of spinal cord? | Sensory, Fasciculus Gracilis |
| trunk, neck & UE proprioception, 2 pt discriminiation, vibration & graphesthesia in what tract of spinal cord? | Sensory, fasciculus cuneatus |
| ipsi & contrallatral proprioception from what spinal cord tract? | spinocerebellar |
| pain, light tough & temperature in what spinal cord tract? | spinothalmic |
| ipsilateral voluntary motor movement in what tract of spinal cord? | motor, coticospinal |
| contralateral voluntary fine motor movement in what tract of spinal cord? | motor, lateral |
| posture & tone in what tract of spinal cord? | rubrospoinal |
| contralateral postural tone, response to audiovisual from what tract in spinal cord? | tectospinal |
| ipsilateral postural movement, repsonse to head movement, what spinal cord tract? | vestibulospinal |
| spindle response, LE flexion & extension response relation to posture & position occurs in what spinal cord tract? | reticulospinal |
| deep muscle, tendon, ligament, joint & fascia has what kind of receptor? | proprioceptor |
| noxious stimuli is from what type of receptor? | nociceptors |
| superficial skin & subcutaneous tissue receptor is? | exteroceptors |
| light receptor? | photic receptor |
| parallel to fibers, detects stretch of belly of muscle, velocity responsive | muscle spindle |
| located @ muscle-tendon junction, monitors tension | GTO, golgi tendon organ |
| response to external percussion, involuntary, predictable, biceps, brachioradialis, triceps, patella, achilles | reflex, does not go thru brain |
| course including receptor afferent fiber, efferent fiber & responding muscle, no cortical involvement | arc |
| patterned area of skin with corresponding dorsal root | dermatome |
| group of muscles w/corresponding nerve root | myotome |
| neural & hormonal control, regulates reproduction, circulation, respiration, digestion, metabolic process, metabolic, center of operations stem & hypothalamus, communications ctr in cord, INVOLUNTARY automated response to stimuli to MAINTAIN HOMEOSTASIS | autonomic nervous system - ANS |
| cranioscatral regions of CNS, homeostasis, quiets you down, lowers HR | parasympathetic |
| "fight or flight", fibers @ SC t/o thoracolumbar region, response to stress | sympathetic |
| filter, organize & intergrate, brain organizes, interprets & utilizes, guides future responses, happens w/o thought | sensory integration |
| input "during the movement" | feedback |
| proactive based on experience | feedforward |
Created by:
djbari
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