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Pharm Chapters 1&2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 4 sources of drugs? | Plants, animals, minerals, synthetic |
| Pharmacology | Study of medicine |
| Early treatments were considered what? | Trial and error |
| Who discovered treatments from many conditions and put them into writing? | China Egypt and Iran |
| How were "Healers" chosen? | Based off their knowledge of plants |
| Who were the "healers"? | witch doctors, wise men, shamans, and medicine men and women |
| WWI most soldiers died from combat injuries? T/F | FALSE |
| WWI how did most soldiers die? | Infection and accidents |
| During which time period did the mass production of meds begin? | WWII |
| What meds was commonly mass produced? | penicillin |
| A positive or negative effect he drug has on the body? | Pharmacodynamics |
| 6 categories of drugs based on desired effects? | Curative, prophylactic, diagnostic, palliative, replacement, destructive |
| Digoxin, willow bark, ephedura shrub | Plant drugs sources |
| Premarin (pregnant mare), lanolin (sheeps wool) | Animal drug source |
| Electrolytes (calcium,zinc,copper) | Mineral drug source |
| Most drugs are made by this | Synthesis **all insulin IS made this way |
| To cure or treat a problem ex-penicillin/strep throat | Curative |
| To prevent a problem ex-vaccines | Prophylactic |
| To help diagnose a dx or condition ex-barium for CT scans | Diagnostic |
| To treat symptoms to make a pt more comfortable ex-morphine/cancer | Palliative |
| To replace a missing substance ex-insulin | Replacement |
| To destroy tumors ex-Chemo/Radiation | Destructive |
| Most meds break down where(Metabolism)? | Liver |
| Medication moves from site of administration to bloodstream in what part of the drug cycle? | Absorption |
| Speed of absorption depends on? | route fat/lipid solubility pH concentration of med length of contact age food depth of breathing |
| Oral, Rectal, Tube what kind of route? | Enteral |
| IM, IV, SC, ID what kind of route? | Parenteral |
| Inhalation, sublingual, topical, and transdermal are what kind of routes? | Percutaneous |
| The more soluble the med is in fats/lipids the easier it is absorbed? T/F? | TRUE |
| What slows the absorption of the systemic meds? | Food |
| Children and geri pts absorbed more meds through what? | Their skin |
| Delivery of the drug to the site needed after it has been absorbed into the bloodstream? | Distribution. |
| Barriers to distribution? | Blood Placenta Blood Brain Blood testicular |
| IV medications get absorbed? T/F? | FALSE |
| Also known as biotransformation because the med is gradually transformed to a less active or inactive. | Metabolism |
| What is a prodrug? | Drugs that are administered in an inactive form` |
| Desired as a treatment? | Metabolite |
| Process by which waste products are removed from the body is called what and takes place where? | Excretion, and in the kidneys |
| cumulation refers to what? | build up in the body leading to illness |
| What limits exposure to medications? | Excretion |
| Therapeutic level ? | Point which the drug has maximum desired effects |
| Therapeutic level -Too high? -Too low? | -toxic effects -does not work |
| Meds with high therapeutic index have a wide safety margin? T/F | True very seldom do people OD on these meds |
| Meds with a low therapeutic does require what? | Close monitoring to avoid overdosing |
| What is half life? | Period of time for med to be reduced by 50% in the body |
| strength of a drug is called? | Drug potency |
| Agonist? | A drug is taken with another drug so the two can be more effective than they would alone (mimic endogenous compound) |
| Antagonist? | a drug that makes the other drug less effective (Blocks meds normal receptors) |
| Usually mild, allows pt to continue taking meds ex-N/V, constipation, etc | Side Effects |
| Severe side effect such as shock or death? | Adverse reactions |
| Unique/Rare reactions to meds? | Idiosyncratic |
| A reason not to take a medication is called? | contradictions |
| High jaundice, and high liver enzymes? | Liver side effects |
| N/V/D, anorexia, constipation, stomach ulcers, and colitis | GI system effects |
| Fluid/electrolyte imbalance, abnormally high potassium, increased BUN | Urinary side effects |
| Decreased WBC, RBC and platelets | Hematology side effects |
| Agitation, confusion, delirium, drowsiness, sedation, decreased resp. rate, etc | CNS side effects |
Created by:
SkylarNRTC
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