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Phys Science Mod 5
Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is transpiration? | evaporation of water from plants |
| What is the process by which a gas turns into a liquid? | Condensation |
| Define Residence time | it is the average time a given particle will stay in a given system |
| What is percolation? | The process by which water moves downward in the soil, toward the water table |
| What is the cooling of a gas called that happens when the gas expands with no way of getting more energy? | Adiabatic cooling |
| Where does the majority of earth's water reside? | in the oceans |
| What is the largest source of liquid freshwater on the planet? | groundwater |
| What water source is a molecule of water in once it has gone through transpiration? | it is in the atmosphere. Remember transpiration takes water from plants and puts it in the atmosphere. |
| Water was in the ocean and is now in a cloud. What two hydrologic cycle processes happened in order to make that transfer? | EVAPORATION allowed it to leave the ocean, CONDENSATION put it in the cloud. |
| Where is the residence time longer? in an ocean or a fast-moving stream | The OCEAN because residence time is longer where the least amt of water exchange takes place. |
| If a lake has no means of getting rid of water except evaporation is the water saltwater or fresh? | saltwater because the salts continue to concentrate in the lake. |
| What do the oceans tell us about the age of the earth? | The earth can't be billions of yrs old,If the earth was more than a few million yrs old, the oceans would be much saltier. |
| An enormous amount of ocean water in the polar region freezes. Does it form an iceberg? Why or why not? | No it does not because icebergs are freshwater and come from glaciers. Sea ice has salt mixed with it. |
| What process in the hydrologic cycle is responsible for making glaciers? | Precipitation, glaciers start because of snow and snow is precipitation |
| What causes the temperature change that allows for condensation that makes most clouds? | adiabatic cooling causes the temperature change |
| If a sample of gas is compressed and nothing else is allowed to change, what will happen to the temperature of gas? | Temp will increase. Gases cool as they expand and heat up as they are compressed if they are not allowed to exchange energy with their surroundings. |
| Why do astronomers call earth the blue planet? | because such a large part of it is water |
| What is the hydrosphere? | The sum of all the water on a planet |
| Which planet in our solar system is the only one that has a large quantity of water in it's liquid form? | earth |
| Since earth has the right mixture of gases in it's atmosphere and it is just the right distance from the sun,it has large quantities of what compound of gases in it's liquid form (it is the only planet that has this)? | water |
| Where is the vast majority of earth's water supply contained and what form is it in? | The oceans as saltwater |
| Icebergs and glaciers store the vast majority of earth's what? | fresh water |
| Where besides ocean, glaciers, and, icebergs can other major sources of water in the hydrosphere be found? (3 places) | surface water, soil moisture, and atmospheric moisture |
| What is the hydrologic cycle? | the process by which water is continuously exchanged between earth's various water sources. |
| How does water predominantly get into the atmosphere from the hydrologic cycle? | evaporation and transpiration |
| How is soil moisture usually depleted? | transpiration or groundwater flow |
| Water vapor in the atmosphere can form a cloud through what process? | condensation |
| Once water is in a cloud it can fall back to earth as what? | precipitation |
| What is surface runoff? | when water (precip) falls on land and runs into a lake, river or stream. |
| What is distillation? | evaporation and condensation of a mixture to separate out it's individual components |
| What process makes it possible for water from the ocean to end up in a fresh water source like a lake, river, or stream? | distillation |
| Which is shorter... the average time a water molecule stays in the atmosphere or the ocean? | atmosphere |
| What work (book) is the first to mention the hydrologic cycle? | Bible |
| What is the chemical name of the salt you put on your food? | sodium chloride |
| What is salinity? | a measure of the mass of dissolved salt in a given mass of water |
| Why is salt found in the ocean? | because the only way water can escape is through evaporation, and salt is left behind during this process. |
| Does the ocean's salinity increase or decrease over time? | increase |
| Will the salinity be greater or less than the average salinity of the ocean in an area where a river will dump water into the ocean? | less |
| Which freezes at a lower temp freshwater or saltwater? | Saltwater |
| Why does salt make ice melt? | Because the salt molecules attract water molecules so that they move away from the other water molecules. |
| What is brine? | little pockets of concentrated saltwater that form when salt water freezes and the salt and water separate |
| What is sea ice? | When water in the ocean freezes |
| Where so icebergs come from? | glaciers, which are the result of snowfall. |
| What is a firn? | When new snow falls and the old snow gets packed down. |
| How do glaciers form? | When masses of snow accumulate and begin to slide to lower elevations |
| What is an iceshelf | forms when glaciers in polar regions which do not melt, move to the ocean |
| What is calving? | when the edges of a glacier advance into the ocean and weaken and large chunks of ice break off the glacier and float away. |
| What is the process called that makes icebergs? | calving, 90% of which is under water. |
| What is the water table? | The line between the saturated and unsaturated soil |
| When there are periods of heavy rain does the water table line depth decrease or increase? | Decrease. with little rain it increases |
| Why does the Dead Sea have such a high rate of salinity? | Since there are no rivers taking water away from the lake the only way water can leave is through evaporation. |
| What are the two forms that water in the atmosphere exist as? | humidity and clouds |
| In order for clouds to form what must exist upon which water can condense? | cloud condensation nuclei |
| explain condensation | when air expands as it gets cooler |
| Depending on the temp water in clouds can take what two forms? | liquid or solid |
| When you heat something you are giving it what? | energy, most things expand when heated |
| refrigerators use a substance that is a gas at room temperature what happens when the compressor compresses the gas ? | it heats up and forms a lot of liquid |
| When the compressed gas in the fridge is released into a low-pressure portion of the system what happens? | It expands and cools down the contents of the fridge and the gas that had condensed evaporates which causes further cooling. |
| Where are the pipes located on your fridge that carry the expanded gas? how about the compressed gas? | inside the fridge. outside the fridge |
| What is fog? | a cloud forming on the ground and used to be called smog |
| What is photochemical smog or smog? | brownish haze resulting from pollution |
| Why is it that since we get nearly 50% of our drinking water from groundwater that this has a direct affect on human health? | Because of water pollution which comes from the groundwater supply |
Created by:
kimberi10
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