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AP PSYCH
History
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Developmental | Study of human mental and physical growth from the prenatal period through childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age |
Physiological | Investigates the biological basis of human behavior, thoughts and emotions; researches the brain, nervous system and other physical origins of behavior |
Experimental | Scientific study of human and animal behavior (research) |
Personality | Study of individual differences and traits |
Clinical and Counseling | Treat patients with mild to severe emotional and behavioral disturbances; conducts research on the causes of behavior and the effectiveness of treatments |
Social | Scientific study of the ways in which the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the behaviors of characteristics of others |
Industrial and Organizational | Area of psychology concerned with the application of psychological principles to the problems of human organizations, especially work organizations |
Humanistic | Focuses on human experience, problems, potentials and ideals; emphasizes self-esteem |
Psychodynamic | Theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives and unconscious forces |
Biological (Biopsychological; Neuropsychology) | Human and animal behavior is the result of internal physical, chemical and biological processes |
Behavioral | Explains human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning; emphasizes overt, observable behavior |
Cognitive | Studies human thinking and information processing abilities |
Sociocultural | The focus on the importance of social and cultural contexts in influencing the behavior of individuals |
Evolutionary (Darwinian; Sociobiological) | Examines thoughts and behavior in terms of natural selection and passing down traits through generations |
Positive Psychology | The study of human strengths, virtues and effective functioning |
Clinical psychology | Specializes in the diagnosis, causes and treatments of psychological and behavioral disorders |
Counseling psychologist | Specializes in the treatment of milder emotional and behavior disturbances; concerned with the "normal" problems of adjustment |
Psychiatrist | Medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders; can be prescribe medications |
Psychiatric Social Worker | Mental health professional trained to apply social science principles to help patients in clinics and hospitals |
Wilhelm Wundt | Father of psychology ; first formal psych lab |
Edward Bradford Titchener | Wundt's student; structuralism |
Consciousness 3 elements | Physical sensations; feeling; images |
William James | The Principles of Psychology; functionalism |
Max Wertheimer | Gestalt psychology viewpoints |
Sigmund Freud | Psychodynamic theory; unconscious forces; iceberg |
John Watson | Behaviorist; Observable; Baby Albert study |
Ivan Pavlov | Concept of classical conditioning; learned reaction to a particular stimulus |
B.F. Skinner | Behaviorist; our behavior is controlled by rewards |
Introspection | To examine one's own thoughts, feelings, or sensations |
Structuralism | The idea that the mind operates by combining subjective emotions and objective sensations; stresses the basic units of ex |
Gestalt psychology | Study of thinking, learning, and perception in whole units; rejected structuralism |
Perception | Our tendency to see patterns, to distinguish an object from its background. |
Unconscious | All ideas, thoughts and feelings of which we are not aware of |
Stimulus | Any physical energy that affects a person by evoking a sensory response |
Stimuli | Events in the environment |
Basic research | Seek knowledge for its own sake |
Applied research | To solve immediate practical problems |
Empirical evidence | Facts or info gained by direct observation or experience |
Carl Rogers | Humanistic perspective; stressed individual choice and free will |