Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pharmacology Drugs #
Respiratory, Vasoconstrictors, Vasodilators, HTN, Angina, Heart Failure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What drugs are in the antihistamine class | Diphenydramine and Loratidine |
| Diphenhydramine Mechanism of Action | Block H1 and Muscarinic Receptors |
| Diphenhydramine Kinetics/Dynamics | -Crosses BBB easily - increases vasoDILation -increases capillary permiability -decreases nerve sensitivity |
| Diphenhydramine Indication for/Uses | -used for mild to moderate allergies; motion sickness; insomnia; colds |
| Diphenhydramine Adverse Effects | -Confusion/Sedation (due to BBB crossing) -Anticholinergic effects |
| Diphenhydramine Drug Interactions | -alcohol |
| Loartidine Mechanism of Action | Specifically blocks H1 Receptors |
| Loartidine Kinetics/Dynamics | Large and polar (so doesn't cross BBB easily) |
| Loartidine Indication for/Uses | mild to moderate allergies |
| Intranasal Glucocorticoid Kinetics/Dynamics | Need a few weeks to reach peak effect |
| Intranasal Glucocorticoid Indication for/Uses | suppress all of the symptoms of allergic rhinitis |
| Decongestants Mechanism of Action | alpha 1 agonist |
| Decongestants Kinetics/Dynamics | Topical= strong, localized effect Oral= systemic effect |
| Decongestants Indication for/Uses | reduce nasal congestion from allergic rhinitis, sinusitus and colds |
| Decongestants Adverse Effects | topical= rhinitis medicamentosa oral=CNS stimulation (insomnia) and ischemic stroke |
| Decongestants Quirky | Don't give with HTN |
| Albuterol Mechanism of Action | Activate Beta2 in the lung to cause bronchodilation |
| Albuterol Kinetics/Dynamics | Rapid onset of action |
| Albuterol Indication for/Uses | Alleviate acute bronchospasm in an asthma attack. Rescue; PRN |
| Albuterol Adverse Effects | -Tachycardia -Tremors |
| Salmeterol Mechanism of Action | Activate Beta2 in the lung to cause bronchodilation |
| Salmeterol Kinetics/Dynamics | Longer onset of action |
| Salmeterol Indication for/Uses | Stable COPD (NOT asthma) |
| Salmeterol Adverse Effects | Asthma-related death if given by itself |
| Salmeterol Quirky | Must be given in combination with a glucocorticoid |
| Methylxanthines Mechanism of Action | Inhibit PDE |
| Methylxanthines Kinetics/Dynamics | -rapidly absorbed -metabolized by P450 |
| Methylxanthines Indication for/Uses | Bronchodilation |
| Methylxanthines Adverse Effects | -Dysrhythmias -Seizures -Death |
| Methylxanthines Quirky | smoking reduces it's half life by 50% |
| Ipratropium bromide Mechanism of Action | Block muscarinic receptors on the lungs |
| Ipratropium bromide Kinetics/Dynamics | Highly polar (so usually stuck in the lungs at site of action) |
| Ipratropium bromide Indication for/Uses | Bronchodilation in COPD |
| Ipratropium bromide Adverse Effects | -Dry mouth d/t inhalation -Throat irritation d/t inhalation |
| Glucocorticoids Mechanism of Action | -Dec inflammatory mediators -Dec edema -Dec mucous production |
| Glucocorticoids Kinetics/Dynamics | Inhaled= low bioavailability systemically, has a high 1st pass effect. Oral= higher bioavailability systemically |
| Glucocorticoids Indication for/Uses | 1st line of defense for asthma control inhaled= daily, for chronic control oral= given RPN for acute control of severe episode |
| Glucocorticoids Adverse Effects | inhaled= oropharyngeal candidiasis oral= short term: hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, fluid retention, HTN, mood changes oral=long term: adrenal suppression |
| Glucocorticoids Quirky | Long-term use of oral glucocorticoids can cause adrenal suppression, and in kids this can delay growth |
| Cromolyn Sodium Mechanism of Action | stabilized cytoplasmic membrane and prevents the release of inflammatory mediators |
| Cromolyn Sodium Indication for/Uses | prophylaxis treatment! given before exercise for exercise-induced asthma attacks |
| Cromolyn Sodium Quirky | Also inhibits eosinophils, macrophages and other inflammatory cells |
| Leukotrienes Mechanism of Action | Suppress effects of leukotrienes |
| Leukotrienes Kinetics/Dynamics | Metabolized by P450 |
| Leukotrienes Indication for/Uses | Used to decrease bronchoconstriction (promote bronchodilation) and decrease the inflammatory response like edema and mucus secretion in the airways |
| Leukotrienes Adverse Effects | possible liver injury |
| Leukotrienes Quirky | Also inhibits eosinophils |
| Epinephrine Mechanism of Action | Acts on Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors to cause vasoconstriction |
| Epinephrine Indication for/Uses | It is used to: -elevate BP -control superficial bleeding -delay absorption of topical anesthetic -treatment for anaphylaxis -reduce nasal congestion |
| Epinephrine Kinetics/Dynamics | -very short half life; it is metabolized quickly by MAO -reuptake proteins pulls epi back into the cell |
| Epinephrine Adverse Effects | -tissue necrosis if it infiltrates the IV site -dysrythmias -HTN crisis -angina -hypergylcemia |
| Epinephrine Drug Interactions | (ALL BAD) -MAO inhibitors -alpha blockers -beta blockers |
| Epinephrine Quirky | No bioavailability if given PO |
| Dopamine Mechanism of Action | Action on Alpha 1 and Beta 1 receptors to cause vasoconstriction |
| Dopamine Quirky | Low dose= dopamine receptor selectivity only Moderate dose= dopamine and beta 1 receptor selective High dose= dopamine, beta 1 and alpha 1 receptor selective |
| Dopamine Kinetics/Dynamics | -very short half life, rapidly metabolized by MAO |
| Dopamine Indication for/Uses | it is used to: -increase blood flow to the kidney -treat Heart Failure -Increase hear rate -increase contractility -increase cardiac shock -treat shock |
| Dopamine Adverse Effects | -tissue necrosis if IV infiltrates -tachycardia -dysrythmias -angina |
| Prazosin Mechanism of Action | Alpha 1 receptor blockade |
| Prazosin Indication for/Uses | Hypertension |
| Prazosin Adverse Effects | -orthostatic hypotension -reflex tachycardia -impotence -nasal congestion |
| Prazosin Quirky | Small initial dose and then incrementally increase |
| Reserpine Mechanism of Action | Deplete stores of norepinephrine in the pre-synaptic neuron and suppresses synthesis of norepi |
| Reserpine Kinetics/Dynamics | highly non-polar (crosses BBB easily) |
| Reserpine Indication for/Uses | -hypertension -decrease beta and alpha activation |
| Reserpine Adverse Effects | -sedation -depression -bradycardia -orthostasis -Parkinson-like symptoms |
| Clonodine Mechanism of Action | turns off alpha 1 and beta 1 receptors by stopping the SNS outflow via activating alpha 2 receptors in the brainstem |
| Clonodine Indication for/Uses | -hypertension -substance withdrawal -menopausal flushing -migraines |
| Clonodine Kinetics/Dynamics | Lipid soluble |
| Clonodine Adverse Effects | -sedation -dry mouth -rebound hypertension |
| Clonodine Quirky | Not given in pregnancy |
| Captopril Mechanism of Action | -prevents conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 (inhibits the ACE enzyme) -prevents breakdown of bradykinin -blocks aldosterone release |
| Captopril Kinetics/Dynamics | short half life |
| Captopril Adverse Effects | -hypotension -cough -angioedema -hyperkalemia -renal failure -fetal injury |
| Captopril Indication for/Uses | -hypertension -congestive heart failure -MI -diabetes mellitus *it lowers BP and increases urine output |
| Captopril Drug Interactions | Good: diuretics and other antihypertensives *need close monitoring if given with another drug that effects potassium |
| Dopamine Drug Interactions | Good: Diuretics Bad: MAO inhibitors; alpha blockers; beta blockers |
| Losartan Mechanism of Action | -block angiotensin 2 receptor site (ARB) -no interactions with bradykinin |
| Losartan Kinetics/Dynamics | Longer half life (Q daily) |
| Losartan Indication for/Uses | hypertension (lowers BP and increases urine output) |
| Losartan Adverse Effects | -small risk of angioedema -fetal injury -much less effect on potassium |
| Nifedipine Mechanism of Action | block calcium channels in arterioles and coronary arteries (vasodilates the vasulature) |
| Nifedipine Kinetics/Dynamics | -rapid-acting forumla -sustained-release formula |
| Nifedipine Indication for/Uses | -hypertension -vasospastic angina (dec BP) |
| Nifedipine Adverse Effects | -flushing -dizziness -headache |
| Nifedipine Drug Interactions | GOOD: given with beta blockers to manage tachycardia |
| Nifedipine Quirky | drop in BP may be too quick; if so, will stimulate baroreceptors to increase heart rate (reflex tachycardia) |
| Hydralazine Mechanism of Action | inhibits/blocks the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
| Hydralazine Kinetics/Dynamics | acetylase converts hyralazine into its metabolites |
| Hydralazine Indication for/Uses | -hypertension -hypertension crisis |
| Hydralazine Adverse Effects | -refelx tachycardia -water and sodium retention |
| Hydralazine Drug Interactions | GOOD: diuretics and beta blockers to control adverse effects |
| Hydralazine Quirky | may have slow acetylators! they require smaller doses |
| Nitroprusside Mechanism of Action | the nitric oxide in it induces guanylate cyclase to convert gtp to cgmp. cgmp causes dephosphorylation of myosin and results in vaso relaxation |
| Nitroprusside Kinetics/Dynamics | -fast acting -short half-life....give via continuous IV |
| Nitroprusside Indication for/Uses | -hypertension crisis |
| Nitroprusside Adverse Effects | -hypotension -cyanide poisoning -thiocyanate poisoning |
| Diltizaem, Verapamil Mechanism of Action | Block calcium channels in the vasulature AND in the cardiac myocytes |
| Diltizaem, Verapamil Indication for/Uses | it is used to: -dilate the arterioles around the body -dilate coronary arteries -decrease SA node and AV node conductions..... dec HR -act on myocardial cells to dec force of contraction |
| Diltizaem, Verapamil Adverse Effects | -blunted reflect tachycardia -bradycardia -induce AV heart block |
| Diltizaem, Verapamil Drug Interactions | Good: diuretics Bad: digoxin, beta blocker, grape fruit juice |
| Propranolol Mechanism of Action | Block Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors |
| Propranolol Indication for/Uses | Beta 1 block= decrease HR, decrease stroke volume and decrease renin Beta 2 block = bronchoconstrictuion; decrease glycogenolysis |
| Propranolol Adverse Effects | -bradycardia -hypotension -AV heart block -rebound HTN if stopped abruptly |
| Propranolol Drug Interactions | Bad: insulin; calcium channel blockers Good: other vasodilators |
| Metoprolol Mechanism of Action | Block Beta 1 receptors |
| Metoprolol Indication for/Uses | decrease HR, decrease stroke volume and decrease renin |
| Metoprolol Adverse Effects | -bradycardia -hypotension -AV heart blcok -rebound HTN if stopped abruptly |
| Metoprolol Drug Interactions | Bad: calcium channel blockers Good: other vasodilators |
| Propranolol Quirky | Be cautious giving this to patients with asthma and diabestes |
| Metoprolol Quirky | still some, but not much, teaching needed for diabetic patients |
| Spironolactone Mechanism of Action | Block aldosterone receptor in the cells of the collecting duct |
| Spironolactone Indication for/Uses | heart failure |
| Spironolactone Adverse Effects | -hyperkalemia -dehydration -endocrine effects: gynecomastia; hirsutism; dysmenorrhea |
| Spironolactone Drug Interactions | BAD: 1. potassium supplement; ACE-inhibitor GOOD: Furosemide |
| Eplerenone Mechanism of Action | Block aldosterone in collecting duct, heart and vasculature to cause vasodilation |
| Eplerenone Indication for/Uses | heart failure |
| Eplerenone Adverse Effects | hyperkalemia |
| Eplerenone Drug Interactions | BAD: potassium supplement GOOD: Furosemide |
| Triamterene Mechanism of Action | Block sodium/potassium pump directly in the collecting duct |
| Triamterene Indication for/Uses | -heart failure -hypertension |
| Triamterene Adverse Effects | hyperkalemia |
| Furosemide Mechanism of Action | block sodium reabsorption in the ascending limb of the loop of henle |
| Furosemide Kinetics/Dynamics | PO: 45-60 min onset IV: 5-10 min onset |
| Furosemide Indication for/Uses | -heart failure -hypertension |
| Furosemide Adverse Effects | -Hypokalemia -Hypochloremia -dehydration -hypotension -hyponatremia -hyperglycemia -ototoxicity -hyperuricemia -decrease magnesium |
| Furosemide Drug Interactions | BAD: Gentamycin; vancomycin GOOD: ACE-inhibitors; potassium-sparing diuretics |
| Furosemide Quirky | works well in patients that have decreased/failing kidney |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Mechanism of Action | block sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Indication for/Uses | -heart failure -hypertension |
| Hydrochlorothiazide Adverse Effects | -hypokalemia -hypochloremia -hyponatremia -dehydration -hyperglycemia -hyperuricemia |
Created by:
bhundley
Popular Pharmacology sets