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Dress Code
First Amendment cases
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969) | School must show speech is disruptive |
Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969) | Symbolic speech is constitutionally protected |
Precedent | Prior court case that is a guide to resolve current situation |
Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986) | Student may be disciplined for speech with sexual innuendo |
Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | School administrators may censor materials in school-sponsored newspaper that concerns sensitive subjects like pregnancy or that invade privacy |
Limits to Free Speech | Obscenity, fighting words, libel and slander, clear and present danger, conflicts with other interests |
Morse v. Frederick (2007) | "Bongs hits 4 Jesus" - students can be disciplined for messages that conflicted with anti-drug policies |
Censorship | the act of examining books, plays, news reports, motion pictures, etc., for the purpose of suppressing parts deemed objectionable on moral, political, military, or other grounds |