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CHAPTER 3
PSYC 100
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The nervous system is made primarily of | neurons |
| neurons | nerve cells specialized for communication |
| Cell body | central region of cell |
| dendrites | receive outside signals |
| axon | delivers signals to other cells |
| myelin sheath | glial cells that help speed signal transmission |
| axon terminals | end of axon where signal is released |
| Glial cells | provides support and nutrients for neurons |
| blood-brain barrier | prevents harmful substances from entering the brain. |
| electrical | signal propagation within neuron |
| Chemical | communication between neurons |
| action potential | all or none electrical impulse that neurons use to propagate signal |
| absolute refractory period | recovery time when another AP is not possible |
| Synapse | junction between two communicating neurons |
| neurotransmitter | chemical signal |
| synaptic cleft | space between two neurons where neurotransmitter is released |
| receptor sites | lock and key mechanism that take |
| peripheral nervous system | consists of nerves that connect muscles, organs and glands to the central nervous system |
| Somatic NS | carries signals between the CNS and muscles in the body that control movement |
| Autonomic NS | carries signals between the CNS and organs/glands that regulate involuntary actions and the body’s internal state |
| Sympathetic NS | readies the body for action |
| Parasympathetic NS | active during rest |
| spinal cord | carries sensory information to the brain, and motor control commands back to the body |
| brainstems | consist of medulla, pons, and midbrain |
| medulla | helps regulate heart rate and breathing |
| pons | involved in modulation of motor activity |
| Thalamus | relay station of the brain- direct signals passing between the body and the brain |
| Cerebellum | important for balance, coordination, and preplanned actions, learning motor skills |
| Basal ganglia | responsible for executing planned actions |
| hypothalamus | regulates the internal environment of the body by controlling the autonomic NS |
| amygdala | involved in emotion regulation, and fear |
| hippocampus | important for memory, especially forming new memories, and spatial memory |
| the cortex | divided into 2 hemispheres and separated into four lobes |
| contralaterally organized | information from the right side of the body is processed on the left and vice-versa. |
| corpus callosum | band of tissue that connects the two hemispheres and allows them to communicate |
| primary sensory areas | primary visual cortex, primary auditory cortex, somatosensory cortex. |
| motor cortex | sends signals to motor neurons, controls motion |
| association cortex | integrate sensory information to perform complex functions |
| topographic organization | adjacent portions of cortex control adjacent body parts |
| frontal lobe | involved in motion and higher order cognition, such as reasoning, planning, and language production |
| parietal lobe | important for touch sensation, perception, object recognition, and number representation |
| temporal lobe | important for auditory sensation, understanding language, and storing autobiographical memory |
| occipital lobe | important for vision |
| aphasias | lack of ability to a certain area |
| brocas aphasia's | inability to produce speech |
| brocas area | important for producing speech |
| Wernickes aphasias | inability to comprehend speech |
| wernickes area | important for comprehending speech |
| Lateralization | some functions are only processed by one hemisphere |
Created by:
jenny27
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