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8Sci CH10
8th Science CH10 Organic Chemistry
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alcohol | family of compounds that contain oxygen in the form of hydroxyl (---OH) groups; alcohols are formed when an ---OH group replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon; alcohols are used in fuel, disinfectants, and chemical manufacture |
| amines | organic compounds produced when an amine group (---NH2) replaces one or more hydrogens in a hydrocarbon; amino acids, which are a type of amine-substituted hydrocarbon, form when both the ---NH2 and ---COOH groups replace hydrogens on the same molecule |
| carbohydrates | organic compounds containing twice as many hydrogen atoms as oxygen atoms; carbohydrates provide energy for the body, and a balanced diet gets 50% of its calories from carbohydrate-rich foods such as pasta, rice, beans, and fruit |
| carboxylic acid | group of substituted hydrocarbons formed by the displacement of a ---CH3 group by a carboxyl (---COOH ) group |
| hydrocarbon | compound that can be composed only of hydrogen and carbon or can form new compounds when other chemical groups are substituted for one or more hydrogen atoms; isomers |
| lipids | greasy-feeling organic compounds that contain twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates; lipids include waxes, oils, and fats; a balanced diet gets 30% of its calories from fats ( found in meats, nuts, and ice cream),which provide energy for the body |
| organic compound | carbon-containing substance; millions of organic compounds can be synthesized from raw materials containing carbon because carbon’s atomic structure allows it to combine with so many other elements |
| polymers | large molecule composed of smaller organic molecules called monomers, linked together, forming new bands; some polymers are used in the manufacture of plastics; polymers are also found in biological compounds-mainly proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids |
| proteins | organic compounds composed of long chains of amino acids; proteins are present in every living substance and are needed for growth and renewal of the body; a balanced diet gets 20% of its calories from protein sources as milk, tofu, and fish |
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djhockett5
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