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Chapter 10
Nail Diseases & Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Kilonychia | Also known as spoon nails, inverted or concave nails. |
| Leukonychia Spots | Also known as white spots; whitish discolorations of the nail usually caused by minor injury to the nail matrix. |
| Nail Pterygium | Abnormal stretching of skin around the nail plate. |
| Melanonychia | Darkening of the fingernails or toenails; may be seen as a black band within the nail plate extending from the base to the free edge. |
| Onychauxis | Thickening of the fingernails or toenails. |
| Onychogryposis | Also known as ram's horn or claw nails; an enlargement of the fingernails or toenails accompanied by increased thickening and curvature. |
| Onychophagy | Also known as bitten nails; chewed nails or chewed hardened skin surrounding the nail plate. |
| Onychorrhexis | Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate. |
| Pincer Nail | Also known as trumpet nail; the edges of the nail plate may curl around to form the shape of a trumpet or sharp cone at the free edge. |
| Plicatured Nail | Also known as folded nail; a type of highly curved nail plate, usually caused by injury to the matrix, but it may be inherited. |
| Splinter hemorrhage | Physical trauma or injury to the nail bed that damages the capillaries and allows a small amount of blood flow. |
| Nail Psoriasis | Tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate. |
| Onychia | Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the nail. |
| Onychocryptosis | Also known as ingrown nails; nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail. |
| Onycholysis | Lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed, without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area. |
| Onychomadesis | Separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed; can affect fingernails and toenails. |
| Onychomycosis | Fungal infection of the natural nail plate. |
| Paronychia | Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail |
| Pseudomonas Aeruginosa | Common bacteria that can lead to a bacterial infection that appears as a green, yellow, or black discoloration on the nail bed. |
| Pyogenic Granuloma | Severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate. |
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