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Ch:48
Drugs that afffect the lower GI system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aminosalicylates used: | treat crohns diease, u.c, imflammatory diseases. |
| Aminosaloclates asprin like | compound with anti inflammatory action |
| Aminosalicylates adverse reactions are: | abd. pain, nausea, diahrria, headache, dizziness, fever, weakness |
| Aminosalicylates contradicated in: | patients with known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides and sulfites, intestinal obs, in children. |
| Aminosalicylates are used catiously in: | pregnancy and lactation |
| Digoxin | reduced absorption of digoxin |
| Methotrexate | increased risk for immunosuppression |
| Oral hypoglycemic drugs | increased blood glucose level |
| Warfarin | increased risk for bleeding |
| Antidiarrheals used in | treatment of diahrrhea, treating chronic diarrhea asso. w/ IBD |
| Antidiarrheals are: | opioid related, have sedatice and euphoric effects but no analgesic activity |
| colonergice(atrophine), blocking agent with antidiarrheals | dry mouth |
| Antidiarrheals adv reactions gastrointestinal reactions | anorexia,nausea,vomiting,constipation,abd.discomfert,pain, distension, dizziness, drowsiness, headache,sedation,euphoria,rash |
| Antidiarrheals contraindicated in patients: | whose diarrhea is asso. with organisnt that can harm intestinal mucosa and 2 yea3rs and younger. |
| Antidiarrheals used with cation in: | patients with pseudomembranous colitis, abd.pain of unknown orgin, obstructive jaundice(liver). |
| Antihistamines,opioids sedatives, or hypnotics | increased risk for CNS depression |
| Antihistamines and general antidepressants | increased cholinergic blocking adverse reactions |
| MAOI antidepressants | increased risk for hyperstensive crisis |
| Antiflatulents-Simethicone | prevents gas,defoaming action that dispenses and prevents formation of gas pockets in intestine |
| Antiflatulents-charcoal | binds gas for expulsion |
| Simethicone and charcoal | helps body relase gas by belching or flatus |
| Antiflatulents used: | to relieve painful symptoms of excess gas in the digestice tract that are caused by:-postoperatice gaseous distentions and air swallowing-dyspepsia-peptic ulcer-irritable bowel syndrome or diverticulitis |
| Antiflatulents have NO: | adverse reactions |
| Antiflattulents contraindicated: | in patients known hupersensitivity to components of drug |
| Antiflattulents interactions: | decreased effectivness of other drugs due to absorption by charcoal(absorbs)other drugs in GI tract. |
| Laxatives action is to: | relief of consipation |
| Laxatives uses: | stimulent,emollient,saline lax,stool soft,min oil,psyllium,polycarbophil,hperosmotic(lactose) agents |
| Adverse reactions to laxatives: | constipation,diarrhea, lost of water,elerolytes,abd.pain, or discomfert,nausea,vomitting,perianal irritation,fainting,bloating,flatulence,cramps and weakness |
| Adv. reactions to laxatives: | leads to serious electroyte imbalances |
| Bulk form laxatives: | fiber, can obstruct esophagus,stomach,small intestine, and colon, increases water, bulk induces perastolis. |
| Laxatives contraindicated: | known hypersensitivity, persistent abd. pain, nausea, vomitting unknown cause, signs of acute, appendicitis, fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction, acute hepatitis |
| Laxatives used catuiously in: | rectal bleeding and pregnancy and lactation |
| Mineral oil | may impair the GI absorption of fat soluable vitamins (A,D,E,K), reduces absorption of drugs present in GI tract by combining with them chemically or hastening their passage through intestinal tract. |
| Surfactants administated with mineral oil may: | increase mineral oil absorption, |
| Assessment | Preadministration assessment,review chart for medical diagnosis & reason adm. drug, ? regarding type and intensity of symptoms to provide baseline for eval of effectivness of drug. Asculate bowel sounds, plapate,monitor signs gaurd, discomfert |
| Ongoing assessment | relief of symptoms?,vitals daily or more frequently if severe diahrea, other cond, adv. reactions?, eval effectiveness of drug thearpy. |
| Planning | expected outcomes, opitmal response to drug thearpy, support patient needs related to management of adverse reactions, understanding of and compliance with prescribed thearapeutic regimen. |
| Implentation antidiarrheals: | inspect each bowel movement before adm. the drug |
| Implentation laxative | give bulk producing or stool softening laxaties with gull glass of water or juice, adm. mineral oil to patient on empty stomach in evening |
| Implemantation | before adm. of lax mis and stir lax that are powder, flake, and granule form, explain lax that has unpleasant or saly taste. |
| Implemantation:antidiahreals | monitor and manage patients needs, imbalence fluid volume, elevation in body temp, or severe abd. pain or abd. rigiity or distension occurs. I&O, record BM results when lax is administered, notify doc if excessive bowel movements or severe prolonged dia. |
| Implemantation | educating antidiarrheals, importance of taking drug, obs. caution when driving, avoid alcohol or other CNS depressants, other nonprescriptive drugs |
| Implenmantation:Antiflatulants | empasize importance of chewing tablets, contact primary health provider if symptoms not relieved. |
| Implemantations:Laxatives | importance of long time use, not to use products in presence of abd. pain, nausea or vommiting, importance of drinking fluids, excercise, foods high in bulk, inform discoloration urine may occur. |
| Evaluation | thearpeutic drug effect is achieved, adv. reactions are identified and reported, patients demonstrates understanding of drug regimen, patient verbilizes the importance of complyingwith prescribed treatmen,verbalizes understanding of treatment,follow up |
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popeo45
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