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Infectious Disease
I.D. Study Cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| DOC - most streptococci | penicillin |
| DOC - MSSA | nafcillin -OR- cefazolin |
| DOC - Enterococcus spp | ampicillin + aminoglycoside (for serious infxn) |
| DOC - Pasteurella multocida | penicillin |
| DOC - uncomplicated or disseminated gonorrhea | ceftriaxone |
| DOC - Acenitobacter spp | a carbapenem |
| DOC - MRSA | vancomycin -OR- linezolid |
| DOC - C Diff | metronidazole -OR- vancomycin (PO) |
| DOC - Salmonella/Shigella | a FQ |
| DOC - Legionella spp | a FQ (+/- rifampin) -OR- azithromycin |
| DOC - H. Flu | TMP-SMX (Bactrim) |
| DOC - S. maltophilia | TMP-SMX (Bactrim) |
| DOC - Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) | TMP-SMX (Bactrim) |
| DOC - B. Frag (and most anaerobic organisms) | metronidazole |
| DOC - Chlamydia/Mycoplasma ("atypicals") | azithromycin -OR- doxycycline |
| DOC - Ps. aeruginosa | piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn); ceftazidime/cefepime; imipenem/meropenem; cipro -OR- levofloxacin |
| What does astreonam cover? | aerobic Gram-NEGATIVES only (incl Ps. aeruginosa) |
| What does metronidazole cover? | anaerobes only (& several protozoans) |
| What do aminoglycosides cover? | aerobic Gram-NEGATIVES only |
| What does vancomycin cover? | Gram-POSITIVES only (incl MRSA) |
| What does clindamycin cover? | Gram-POSITIVES and anaerobes only (NO Gram-NEGATIVES!) |
| What does linezolid cover? | Gram-POSITIVES only (incl MRSA) |
| Cephalosporins do NOT cover these two types... | MRSA and Enterococcus |
| What does daptomycin cover? | Gram-POSITIVES only (incl MRSA) |
| ADR's - penicillins/cephalosporins | allergies (*crossreactivity btw cephalosporin/PCN is ~5%) |
| ADR's - Augmentin | diarrhea |
| ADR's - cetriaxone | potential for cholelithiasis @ high doses |
| ADR's - imipenem | seizures (higher risk that other B-lactams) |
| ADR's - vancomycin | renal dysfxn; "red-man" syndrome |
| ADR's - aminoglycosides | nephrotoxicity; ototoxicity |
| ADR's - FQ | CNS stimulation (seizures); tendon rupture req'ing surgical repair; < 18 YO - possible inhibition of cartilage growth |
| ADR's - TMP-SMX (Bactrim) | hypersensitivity rxns (CI if sulfa allergy!); blood dyscrasias (esp high doses); acute renal dysfxn; incr. INR w/ warfarin |
| ADR's - clindamycin | risk of C. Diff enterocolitis (though not much > than other ABX) |
| ADR's - metronidazole | peripheral neuropathies; disulfiram-like rxn w/ alcohol; incr. INR w/ warfarin |
| ADR's - macrolides | GI upset (worse with erythromycin v. newer agents); vein irritation/phlebitis w/ IV admin. |
| ADR's - tetracyclines | binds to cacium = permanently stained teeth and retarded bone growth (avoid in < 8 YO); photosensitivity |
| ADR's - linezolid | bone marrow suppression; weak MAOI (DI's) |
| ADR's - daptomycin | skeletal muscle myopathy; peripheral neuropathies |
| ADR's - tigecycline | same as twtracyclines (binds to cacium = permanently stained teeth and retarded bone growth (avoid in < 8 YO); photosensitivity) |
| Doses - ampicillin | 1-2 grams (IVPB) Q 4-6hr |
| Doses - piperacillin-tazobactam (Zosyn) | 3.375-4.5 grams (IVPB) Q 6hr |
| Doses - cefazolin | 1-2 grams (IVPB) Q 8hr |
| Doses - ceftriaxone | 1-2 grams (IVPB) Q 12-24hr |
| Doses - meropenem | 1-2 grams (IVPB) Q 8hr |
| Doses - gentamicin/tobramycin | 7 mg/kg (IVPB) Q 24hr (per Hartford nomegram) |
| Doses - levofloxacin | 250-750 mg (IVPB) Q 24hr |
| Doses - TMP-SMX (Bactrim) | 5-15 mg/kg/day (TMP component) in divided doses [same dose may be given IVPB or PO] |
| Doses - metronidazole | 500 mg (IVPB/PO) Q 8hr |
| Doses - linezolid | 600 mg (IVPB/PO) Q 12hr |
Created by:
branmuffin
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