Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psych AOS1
glossary definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Perceptual set | is the predisposition, or 'readiness', to perceive something in accordance with what we expect it to be. Our expectations of what an object or event will be make us more likely to interpret the object or event in that predetermined way |
| Context | refers to the setting or environment in which a perception is made. when organising and interpreting visual information, we take account of the setting and pay more attention to those aspects of the setting that are immediately relevant |
| Past (prior) experience | refers to our personal experience throughout our lives. this includes everything we have learnt, both intentionally and unintentionally. experiences also predispose, or set us to perceive information in a particular way |
| Motivation | refers to internal processes which activate behaviour that we direct towards achieving a particular goal, motives can be influenced by psychological or biological factors |
| Emotional State | is how we are feeling, it can also influence the way in which we perceive visual information . Different emotions can set us to perceive information in a particular way which is consistent with the emotion being experienced |
| Culture | refers to the way of life of a particular community or group that sets apart from other communities and groups. culture includes customs, traditions, beliefs, values, attitudes, rules, food and music |
| Gustation | |
| Taste receptors | the sensory receptors that detect the chemical molecules that enable taste, located within the taste buds |
| Papillae | are all the thousands of small bumps that you can see and feel on the surface of the tongue |
| Taste pore | located on the surface of the tongue, open into the taste bud, connecting the surface of the tongue to the taste receptors within the taste buds |
| Tastant | the dissolved chemical molecules that can be tasted. The hairs stimulate their connected taste receptor cells to pass signals on to sensory neurons which transmit the messages to the brain |
| Five tastes | sweet, sour, salty, bitter and unami (savoury) |
| Taste perception | seems to be the least critical of our senses, it is believed that taste evolved to protect us from eating things that are poisonous and to ensure we have an appetite for the calories and nutrients we need |
| Age | the ability to taste may substances is already well developed at birth. premature infants show characteristic response to basic tastes, e.g they suck more in response to a sweet substance coated on their dummy and spit it out when it has a bitter taste |
| Genetics | people vary in their ability to taste, one reason is that genetic difference makes us more or less sensitive to the chemical molecules in different foods, our genes can therefore influence how sensitive we are to bitterness, sweetness or any other taste |
| Perceptual set - foodpackaging/appearance | we often taste what we expect to taste, a significant influence is our expectation of how a food 'should look'. The process often begins with our eyes, this is why food producers and retailers pay so much attention to how they package and present food. |
| Taste aversion | |
| Culture | most cultures have food practices involving the use of ingredients, techniques, and flavour principles when cooking. we are exposed to these cultural differences from birth and they are reflected in our perceptual judgements of what tastes good/bad |
| Perceptual distortion | involves an inconsistency or 'mismatch', between a perceptual experience and physical reality |
| Visual illusion | a consistent misinterpretation (distortion or mistake) of real sensory information |
| Muller-lyer illusion | a visual illusion in which one of two lines of equal length, each of which has opposite shaped ends, is incorrectly perceived as being longer than the other |
| Biological perspective | explanations from the biological perspective emphasise the role played by our eyes, brains and/or nervous system when we view the illusion |
| Psychological perspective | explanations from a psychological perspective emphasise the role of learning and past experience, we cannot make sense of the illusion whenever we view it, even after the illusion is explained to us |
| Social perspective | studies focus on the role of social factors, particularly cultural influences on the perception of the Muller-Lyer illusion, studies have also provided evidence for the role of learning and past experience in perceiving the illusion |
| Ames room illusion | the Ames room is a room built in a distorted manner that produces differing visual illusions. An Ames room produces two illusions to the viewer, the first being that the room appears to be a normal rectangular room from a certain angle (seen by looking th |
| Flavour | is a perceptual experience produced by a combination of taste and other sensations, a crucial component is smell |
| Colour intensity | changing the intensity of a colour can exert a sometimes dramatic impact on our expectations, and hence on the taste and flavour experiences. e.g a brighter or richer coloured food item can seem to taste different to a blander coloured one, even when th |
| Texture | is the property of food or beverage that is felt in the mouth and contributes to flavour along with taste, vision and other sensations |
| Synaesthesia | is a perceptual experience in which stimulation of one sense produces additional unusual experiences in another sense |
| Perceptual set - flavour | the flavour we experience is influenced by expectations based on preconceived ideas about how foods and drinks should taste. One of the most significant influences on flavour judgement is our expectation of how food should look (colour). We tend to link c |
Created by:
ebonydonald
Popular Psychology sets