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Surg Pharm Key Terms
Module 01
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Absorption | Process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood |
| Adverse effect | Undesired, potentially harmful side effects of a drug |
| Agonist | Drugs that bind to a receptor and cause a particular response |
| Antagonist | Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response |
| Bioavailability | The degree to which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert its effects |
| Biotechnology | Refers to the concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology |
| Biotransformation | Process by which the liver changes the chemical composition of a drug in order to change lipid-soluble drug molecules to water-soluble molecules that can be more easily excreted |
| Bolus | A drug that is given all at once |
| Contraindication | Reasons against giving a particular drug |
| Distribution | The process once a drug enters the bloodstream; circulatory system transports the drug throughout the body and drug molecules diffuse out of the bloodstream to the site of action |
| Duration | Time between onset and disappearance of a drug's effects |
| Emulsion | Medication contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier (used to bind two substances that don't normally mix) |
| Enteral | Taken into the GI tract (orally) |
| Excretion | Process of eliminating medications from the body |
| Hypersensitivity | Adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug |
| Idiosyncratic effect | Describes a reaction where the exact mechanism of an adverse drug effect is unknown |
| Indication | Reason or purpose for giving a medication |
| Local effect | To work at the site of application (i.e. ointments, steroid creams) |
| Onset | Time between administration of a drug and the first appearances of its effects |
| Parenteral | Taken by any route other than the GI tract |
| Pharmacodynamics | How the action of drugs affect the body |
| Pharmacokinetics | How the body processes drugs |
| Plasma protein binding | Process by which drug molecules bind to proteins (albumins and globulins) contained in plasma |
| Reconstituted | To mix a powder with a liquid to form a solution that can be administered by injection |
| Side effect | A predictable, but unintended effect of a drug |
| Solubility | Ability to be dissolved |
| Solution | A mixture of drug particles (solute) fully dissolved in a liquid medium (solvent) |
| Suspension | A form in which solid, undissolved particles float (suspend) in a liquid |
| Synergist | A drug that enhances the effect of another drug |
| Systemic effect | Working throughout the entire body (i.e. transdermal patches) |
| Topical | Applied to the skin for absorption |
| Controlled substances | Substances that are classified or "scheduled" for abuse potential |
| Narcotics | Mood altering substances sold for non-medical purposes |
| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration; established to enforce the Controlled Substances Act |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration; regulates drugs to be manufactured, sold, and administered |
| The Joint Commission | Evaluates and accredits health care organizations and programs in the United States |
| OTC | Over-the-counter; does not require physician prescription |
| PDR | Physician's Desk Reference; provides easy access to information on several thousand medications used in medical and surgical practice |
| USP-NF | United States Pharmacopeia and National Formulary; official medication list recognized by the U.S. government |
Created by:
wfaust
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