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Pharmacology Exam 2
Questions, Definitions, Drugs, Side Effects
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This drug is an agonist antagonist | Pentazocine |
| Drug that only works on Kappa receptors, antagonizes mu receptors, and does not cause euphoria | Pentazocine |
| After long term use of a pure opioid agonist this develops and a patient needs increased dosage to gain the same therapeutic response | Tolerance |
| Symptoms of this include muscle spasms abdominal cramps, sneezing, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, mood swings, and seizures | Withdrawal Symptoms |
| Long lasting pure opioid duragesic normally given to chronically ill patients | Fentanyl patch |
| Morphine administration routes | PO, IM, Epidural, and Rectal |
| This medication should not be given in the event of emergency by mouth due to its high first pass effect | Naloxone |
| This drug is given to antagonize a pure opiod and it may be given in sequential doses due to its short half life | Naloxone |
| This drug is a non-opiod drug that acts in the CNS. It has low addictive potential and does not cause euphoria | Tramadol |
| When a nurse gives morphine why should they teach a patient to change positions slowly? | Orthostatic Hypotension |
| When a nurse gives morphine why should they teach a patient to increase their fluids or fiber | Constipation |
| A client with metastatic cancer who has been receiving fentanyl (Duragesic) for several weeks reports to the nurse that the medication is not effectively controlling the pain. Which intervention should the nurse initiate? | Notify the health care provider of the need to increase the dose. |
| A patient who takes high-dose aspirin to treat arthritis will need to take prednisone to treat an acute flare of symptoms. What action will the nurse perform? | Observe the patient for signs and symptoms of GI bleeding. |
| A patient on a PCA pump is lethargic with pinpoint pupils and a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per minute. Which treatment will the nurse prepare to administer? | Naloxone as indicated in PCA protocol |
| The nurse is administering tenecteplase (TNKase) therapy to a patient experiencing an acute myocardial infarction. What will the nurse teach the patient about this therapy? | "This therapy will dissolve the clot that caused the heart attack." |
| This medication is give a maximum of 3 times in order to vasodilate. If chest pain persist after the third dose the patient should call 911. | Nitroglycerin |
| This medication should not be administered if the patients pulse is less than 60 | Digoxin |
| This medication is contraindicated in pregnancy and is a category D teratogenic. | Valsartan |
| This medication commonly causes rhabdomyolysis which leads to chronic muscle pain and in extreme cases brown urine | Lovastatin |
| A nurse is counseling a client prior to discharge home regarding a prescription for the opioid pain medication. What should you teach the patient? | Don't mix with other CNS depressants. Don't operate heavy machinery. May cause dependence. Get up slowly. Stop medication gradually. Increase fluids or fiber. |
| Major adverse effects of a pure opioid agonist include? | Respiratory depression, Orthostatic hypotension, Emesis, Urinary Retention, Constipation, Birth defects, Cough Suppression, ICP elevation |
| Pure opioid agonist interact with: | Other CNS depressants, Anticholinergic drugs, Hypotensive drugs, and Warfarin |
| Which assessments should you perform before administering a pure opioid agonist? | Level of Consciousness, Oxygen Saturation, Respiratory Rate, Pregnancy Test, Abuse or misuse, pain scale |
| You suspect a patient is having withdrawals from a pure opioid agonist what symptoms might you see? | Seizures, Sweating, Mood Swings, Fatigue, Tremors, Sneezing, Muscle cramps |
| A patient comes into the emergency room with miosis, respiratory depression, and loss of consciousness. A family member says that they have a prescription for Hydrocodone. What condition do you expect. | Opioid overdose. |
| What should you teach a patient when administering Fentanyl? | Avoid heat, Be careful when discarding, remove the patch before placing a new one. |
| This is an angiotensin receptor blocker that normally ends in -sartan | Valsartan |
| Nursing implications and patient teaching for Valsartan include | Monitor BP regularly Non-pharmacologic BP management, Limit potassium in your diet, Dizziness may occur early in therapy, Smoking cessation |
| What are some non-pharmacologic BP management strategies? | Limit salt, exercise regularly, increase fresh fruits and vegetables |
| This is a peripheral vasodilator that ends in -zine or -ine and is significantly lowers blood pressure. | Hydralazine |
| This vasodilator may cause reflex tachycardia so heart rate should be monitored regularly. | Hydralazine |
| Why should you teach your patient to weigh themselves regularly which taking Hydralazine? | This medication may cause an increase in fluid retention. |
| Why is it important to teach your diabetic patients taking Metoprolol to take their blood glucose more frequently? | This medication may cause asymptomatic hypoglycemia. |
| It is very important to teach your patient not to take this calcium channel blocker with grapefruit or grapefruit juice. | Nifedipine |
| Why is it important to teach a novice nurse administering Nifedipine to perform a thorough skin assessment on their patient? | Steven's Johnsons Syndrome may occur. |
| This anticoagulant is 99% protein bound, has a 42 hour half-life, and has many drug/drug interactions | Warfarin |
| This anticoagulant can not be given PO, has a half life of 1 to 2 hours, safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women, and leads to an increased risk of HIT | Heparin |
| Why is Heparin safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women? | This medication does not cross the placenta nor does it enter the breast milk. |
| If a patient is given too much Warfarin a nurse may administer this antidotal medication | Vitamin K |
| What is the antidote for Enoxaparin and Heparin? | Protamine Sulfate |
| What is a common patient teach for all anticoagulants? | Report any unusual signs of bleeding! |
| This drug is a low molecular weight heparin | Enoxaparin |
| Why should Heparin never be administered IM? | There is an increased risk of bleeding in the muscle. |
| What is the normal aPTT time for Heparin? | 1.5 to 2 times normal or 40-80 seconds |
| This medication is a thrombolytic drug given in emergency situations to break up clots and return the blood flow to ischemic tissue | Alteplase |
| drugs that relieve pain without causing the loss of consciousness | Analgesics |
| Which opioid receptor triggers Analgesia, respiratory depression, euphoria, sedation, and physical dependence | Mu Receptor |
| This anticoagulant has all the same benefits as Heparin however, it does not require aPTT and it may be administered by the patient at home. | Enoxaparin |
| Dietary sources of vitamin K include | Mayonnaise, canola oil, soy bean oil, and green leafy vegetables |
| This anticoagulant has rapid onset, no need to monitor anticoagulation, few drug food interactions, low risk of major bleeding, and the same dose can be used for all patients regardless of age or weight | Dabigatran Etexilate (Pradaxa) |
Created by:
KimeleS
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