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Hip and Knee
Therex
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bony strcutures of the hip | pelvis (ilium, ischium, pubic bone) femur |
| where do the hip ligaments attatch | along the rim of the acetabulum to femoral neck |
| functions of the hip ligaments | limit hyperextension, allow flexion, enable standing upright without use of muscles |
| Another name for the y ligament | ligament of bigelow |
| function of the y ligament | reinforce capsule anteriorly |
| function of the pubofemoral ligament | limits hyperextension and abduction |
| function of the ischiofemoral ligament | limits hyperextension and internal rotation |
| hip joint arthrokinematics | femur: convex femoral head slides opposite (6 motions) pelvis: linked in closed |
| what controls or limits the amount of lateral pelvic tilting | opposite muscle groups work as a forced couple |
| What happens as a result of decreased flexibility in the hip region | weight bearing forces will be transmitted through the spine rather than absorbed by the pelvis |
| Weak hip abductors (pirformis, sartorius, glute med, TFL) can result in | patellofemoral impairment with valgus stress |
| Piriformis syndrome results in | weak hip extensors and abductors |
| Anterior pelvic tilt posture can result in | short TFL and IT band; limited external rotation; weak piriformis and glute med; excessive internal rotation of the femur during the first half of stance phase with increased stress on the medial knee structures; |
| Coxa valga | pathologically large angle of inclination of the neck and shaft of the femur; longer leg |
| Coxa vara | pathologically smaller angle; shorter leg |
| anteversion | increased torsion of the femoral neck, shaft rotated medially; genu valgum, pes planus, shorter leg |
| retroversion | decreased torsion of the femoral neck, shaft rotated laterlaly; genu varum, pes cavus, longer leg |
| what type of posture and gait can result from excessive anteversion | toe in |
| retroversion, if uncompensated can cause what? | excessive exposure of the femoral head posteriorly |
| what do the hip flexors control during gait | hip extension at end of stance, then become concentric to initiate swing |
| what do the hip extensors control during gait | flexor movement during loading response; glut max initiates hip extension |
| what do the hip abductors control during gait? | lateral pelvic tilt during swinging of opposite leg |
| what are some major nerves subject to injury or entrapment in the hip? | sciatic, obturator, and femoral |
| What are the nerve roots associated with referred pain in the buttock and hip region? | L1-L3; S1-S2 |
| what are some common structural and functional impairments of hypomobility of the hip joint | groin pain, stiff after rest, decreased ROM, firm end feels, LBP due to pathomechanics, knee flexion contracture, impaired balance, impaired posture, |
| Hip joint hypomobility protection phase | patient education, decrease pain at rest, decrease pain during weight bearing activities, decrease stiffness and maintain available motion |
| Hip joint hypomobility controlled motion and return to function phase | progressively increase joint play and soft tissue mobility; improve joint tracking and pain free motion; improve muscle performance in supporting muscles, balance, and aerobic activity; patient education |
| What are the indications for a THA | OA; severe pain; limited weight bearing or ROM; Tumor; fracture |
| True or False: Immobilization is encouraged after a THA | False |
| THA max protection phase | prevent dislocation or subluxation; prevent relfex inhibiton and atrophy; prevent flexion contracture; promote functional level of strength and endurance in non operative lower extremity |
| THA mod protection phase | promote strength and muscle endurance in hip abductors and extensors; cardiovascular endurance; ROM within precautions; postural stability, balance and gait. |
Created by:
bsa8581
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