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Physical Science 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Archimede's Principle | buoyant force is equal to weight displaced |
| pressure equation | force / area |
| Pascal's Principle | pressure applied through fluid is transmitted throughout fluid (F1 / A1 = F2 / A2) |
| Bernouli's Principle | when velocity of a stream increases, pressure decreases |
| Boyle's Law | when pressure increases, volume decreases (P1 x V1 = P2 x V2) |
| Gay-Lussac Law | pressure and temperature have a direct relationship (P1 / T1 = P2 / T2) |
| Charle's Law | temperature and volume have a direct relationship (V1 / T1 = V2 / T2) |
| suspension | hetergenous mixture made of large particles that settle (medicine, paint, lemonade) |
| colloid | hetergenous mixture with particles that never settle (milk, fog, muddy water) |
| solution | homogenous mixture (tea, vinegar, pop) |
| fossil fuels | fuel formed by remains of ancient plants and animals |
| types of fossil fuels | petroleum, natural gas. coal |
| nuclear fusion | converting mass into energy by atmoic nuclei |
| nuclear fision | splitting U-235 atoms to produce thermal energy |
| wave | undulations that transfer energy |
| frequency | how many cycles or vibrations per second |
| frequency equation | wave speed / wave length |
| transverse waves | particles vibrate perpendiculary to direction the wave is traveling |
| parts of transverse wave | crest, trough, wave lenth, amplitude |
| compression waves | particles vibrate parallel to direction the wave is travelling |
| parts of compression waves | compression, rarafraction |
| wave equation | velocity = frequency x wave length |
| reflection | waves bouncing off an object |
| refraction | bending of waves to different materials |
| diffraction | bending of waves as they go around a barrier |
| standing wave | wave pattern that results when two w avevs continuosy pass through each other in opposite directions |
| sound wave | compression wave caused by vibrating objects |
| audible sound | humans can hear between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz |
| pitch | how high or low sounds are, depends on frequency |
| sound intensity | amount of energy that passes through an arera in a certain time |
| electromagnetic waves | waves produced by oscillating magnetic and electric fields |
| law of reflection | angle of incidence equals angle of reflection |
| parts of eye | cornea, iris, pupil, leans, retina, optic nerve |
| parts of ear | outer ear, tympanic membrane, cochlea |
| primary colors of light | red, blue, green (makes white) |
| primary pigments colors | magenta, cyan, yellow (makes blue) |
| incadescent light | generated by heating metal filament, usually tungsten |
| fluorescent light | uses phosphors to covert ultra violet rays to visible light |
| incoherent light | can have multiple wave lengths, colors, and travels in many directions |
| coherent light | has one wave lengths, travels in one direction |
| plane mirror | flat, smooth mirror (upright, same size, reversed, virtual) |
| concave mirror | curves in (upright/inverted, bigger/smaller, real/virtual) |
| convex mirror | curves out (upright, smaller, virtual, reversed) |
| concave lens | curves in (upright, smaller, virtual, diverging, nearsighted) |
| convex lens | curves out (upright/inverted, larger/smaller, virtual/real, converging, farsighted) |
| kinetic theory | an explanation on how particles in gases behave |
| physical change | change in size, shape, or state of matter where identity is the same |
| chemical change | change of substance to another |
| parts of atom | nucleus, proton, nuetron, electron |
| atomic number | number of protons in atom's nucleus |
| mass number | sum of protons and nuetrons in nucleus |
| isotopes | atoms of same element that have different number of nuetrons |
| average atomic mass | average mass of all naturally occuring isotopes |
| valence electrons | electrons in outermost sublevel of an atom |
| ion | particle that has more or fewer electrons that protons |
| solubility | max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature |
| ionization | process in which molecular compounds dissolve in water and form charged particles |
| dissociation | proccess in whihc positive and negatives ions in an ionic solid mix with solvent to foram a solution |
| acid | substance that produces H+ molecules in a water solution |
| properties of acids | sour taste, corrosive, pH less than 7 |
| base | substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH) when dissolved in water |
| properties of bases | bitter taste, corrosive, pH greater than 7 |
| buffers | solutions that contain ions that react with acids and bases to minimize their effects on pH |
Created by:
moriahellefson
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