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Psych Nursing Terms
Varcarolis CH 12-17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| assertiveness training | learning to stand up for personal rights without violating rights of others |
| Biofeedback | using measurement of the body's reaction to stress (BP, HR, RR)to gain conscious control of those reactions |
| Benson's relaxation techniques | a learned technique that allows a client to relax following a pattern of controlled breathing, focus ona word or phrase, and progressive muscle relaxation |
| cognitive reframing | replaceing worried or negative self-statements with more positive self-statements |
| coping styles | anything that allows a person to decrease the level of stress in their life (health habits, family, hobbies, social supports, etc) |
| distress | negative, draining energy |
| eustress | positive, benificial stress that can motivate and replenish damaged resources |
| guided imagery | a process whereby a person is led to envision images that are calming and healthful in an effort to relax |
| Meditation | creates a relaxed state by quieting the sympathetic nervous system using focus on a visual object or sound. May or may not have religious significance. |
| psychoneuroimmunology | the interplay between the physical, mental, nervous, and endocrine functions of the body. How stress can impact physical health and the immune system |
| physical stressors | factors in the environment or the physical body that cause distress (trauma, temperature, hunger) |
| psychological stressors | Positive or negative changes in life that effect how we see our life (marriage/divorce, new job/job loss etc) |
| Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) | technique requiring special training that teaches a person how to relax all the muscles of the body |
| Journal keeping | writing one's thoughts and feelings as a way to identify patterns of thought or behavior |
| restructuring and setting priorities | shifting the balance from stress inducing to stress relieving activities |
| humor | a type of cognitive restructuring that"de-stresses" a negative situation by making it appear absurd or comical |
| anxiety | a universal, basic emotion; state of apprehension or dread stemming from a real or perceived threat; a vague sense of dread to an unspecified danger |
| Fear | a reaction to a specific danger |
| Stress | a state produced by a change in the environment that is seen as challenging, threatening or damaging |
| Normal Anxiety | a healthy life force neccessary for survival; similar to eustress, a motivating energy |
| Acute (state) Anxiety | a condition of anxiety that preceeds an imminant loss or change (stage fright, pre-op) |
| Chronic (trait) anxiety | an anxiety that one has lived with for a long time |
| Mild Anxiety | normal experience of everyday living, lowest level of anxiety |
| Moderate Anxiety | higher level of anxiety, includes a narrowng of perception, physical changes in BP, P, HR, RR |
| Severe Anxiety | Highest level of anxiety where problem solving and learning are no longer possible, person can be dazed, confused, hyperventialtion, "Sense of impending doom" |
| Panic Level of Anxiety | Anxiety to the point of terror, can lead to hallucinations, delusions; cannot process reality |
| Altruism | dealing with stressors by meeting the needs of others; receives gratification from the response of others |
| Sublimation | unconsciously substituting a socially unacceptable impulse with a constructive, healthy activity |
| Suppression | conscious denial of a distressing situation or feeling |
| Respression | excluding an unwanted or unpleasant thought or feeling from conscious awareness |
| Displacement | transferring emotions toward a paticular person or object onto another person or object that is nonthreatening |
| Reaction Formation (overcompensation) | covering up an unacceptable feeling or behavior by practicing the exact opposite behavior or feeling |
| Somatization | unconsciously transferring emotional anxiety into a physical symptom |
| Undoing | making up for an act or thought by another act (gift giving, hand washing) |
| Rationalization | justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas actions or feelings with a developed explanation |
| Passive Agression | agression toward others expressed through procrastination, failure, inactivity, illness |
| Acting-out Behaviors | a destructive defense, dealing with emotions by actions that are destructive either verbally or physically lashing out at another |
| Dissociation/Dissociative Disorders | A disruption in normally intergrated functions of thought, memory, identity or perception of the environment |
| Devaluation | dealing with stress or conflict by atrributing negative qualities to self or others inan attempt to feel better by contrast |
| Idealization | dealing with conflict or stress by assigning unrealisticly exaggerated positive qualities to another individual |
| Splitting | often sen in a client with bipolar disorder, it is the inability to see both positive and negative aspects to another person (all good, or all bad) |
| Projection | transerring personal negative qualities onto another person, object or situation |
| Denial | involves escaping unpleasant reality by ignoring it |
| Psychotic Denial | Seen in schizophrenia; a gross impairment of reality testing |
| Panic Disorder | Disorder characterized by reccurrent, unexpected panic attacks |
| Panic Attack | a sudden onset of extreme fear or impending doom, comes "out of the blue" and is often accompanied by physical symptoms such as raised BP, P, RR, HR, nausea, etc; rational thought and perceptions are not possible |
| Agoraphobia | intense excessive anxiety about being in places or situations in which escape or help would be difficult or embarrassing if a panic attack occurred |
| phobia | a persistant, irrational fear of an object, situationor action |
| Social Phobia/ Social Anxiety Disorder | a severe fear or anxiety about being in a social or performance situation |
| Obsession | thoughts, impulses or images that persist in such a manor that they cannot be put out of one's mind |
| Cumpulsion | ritualistic behavior that a person must perform in an attempt to reduce anxiety |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) | excessive worry about any number of things or situations that lasts for more than 6 months |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) | repeatedly reliving a traumatic event that involved actual or threatened death or harm to self or others (combat, rape) |
| Flashbacks | dissociative experiences in which a traumatic event is relived to the extent that the individual behaves as if the event is actually happening |
| Acute Stress Disorder | a disorder occuring within 1 month of a traumatic event and lasting no more than 1 month, symptoms similar to PTSD |
| Anxiolytic Drugs | Benzodiazepines are most common type, medications given to reduce anxiety |
| Cognitive therapy/ cognitive restructuring | therapy in which a person's negative beliefs about self are identified, evaluated and corrected |
| Behavioral Therapy | various techniques that teach and practice activities that decrease stress and avoidant behaviors |
| Relaxation training | excercises in brething and muscle relaxation that stop the stress response |
| Modeling | a support or significant person demonstrates appropriate behaviors in a feared situation which the client can then immitate |
| Systematic Desensitization | gradually introducing/exposing a person to the feared object or situation and allowing them to overcome it or adjust to it while using relaxation techniques |
| Flooding | The opposite of gradual desensitization, this is exposing a client to the worst case or most stress in a feared situation inan effort to stop the anxious response |
| Response prevention | therapy used in compulsive behaviors, the therapist doesn't allow a behavior to be perfomed to show that anxiety can be overcome without the unacceptable behavior |
| Thought Stopping | interupting a negative though or behavior and redirecting it to a positive |
| Cognitive-Behavior therapy | a combination of both behavior and cognitive therapies |
| `Somatiform Disorders | physical symptoms that suggest a physical disorder for which there is no demonstrable basis; these symptoms are then thought to have a psychobiological basis |
| Malingering | Consciously producing physical symptoms to achieve a desire goal (back pain - time off work) |
| Factitious disorder | deliberately fabricating symptoms or inflicting self harm to assume the sick role |
| Psychosomatic illness | a general, legitimate medical condition that is affected by stress or other psychological factors |
| la belle indifference | a lack of emotional concern about symptoms of a disorder or illness |
| Conversion Disorder | Disorder marked by deficits in motor or sensory functions that do not correspond to current medical understanding |
| Pain Disorder | discomfort which leads to impairment for which there is no identifiable organic cause |
| Body Dysmorphic Disorder | Preoccupation with imagined defects one's body that leads to obsessive and compulsive behaviors (mirror checking) |
| Somatization Disorder | presence of a number of somatic symptoms accompanied by significant functional impairment |
| Hypochondriosis | Disorder in which clients misinterpret benign physical sensations as evidence of serious illness |
| Secondary Gains | benefits received from the the sick role (attention, release from work) |
| Depersonalization Disorder | persistant or recurrent alteration in the perception of the self even though reality testing is intact |
| Dissociative Amnesia | inability to recall important personal information (usually of traumatic or stressful events) that cannot be explained as normal forgetfullness |
| Dissociative Fugue | sudden, unexpected travel outside one's normal locale and subsequent inability to recall identity or information about the past |
| Dissociative identity disorder (DID) | presence of two or more distinct personality states that alternate control |
| Alternate Personality/ subpersonality | the individual personalities experienced by a client with DID |
| anorexia nervosa | patient refuses to maintain a minimally normal weight for height and expresses fear of gaining weight (below 75% of ideal body weight) |
| Bulemia Nervosa | repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging through vomiting misuse of laxatives, fasting or excercise |
| Binge Eating Disorder | repeated episodes of binge eating without the use of compensative behaviors like purging |
| Ideal Body Weight | the normal ratio of weight for height |
| Refeeding Syndrome | a complication of eating disorder treatment in which the demands of a newly revitaized circulatory system cannot be met by the heart, can lead to cardiovascular collapse |
| Cognitive Distortions | the ideas that perpetuate an illness which can be reformed through therapy |
| Personality | "an enduring pattern of behavior that is considered to be both conscious and unconscious and reflects a means of adapting to its environment |
| Personality Disorder (PD) | an enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture. It is pervasive over time, is inflexible. It has an onset in early adolescence or adulthood and leads to impairement |
| Paranoid Personality Disorder | characterized by distrust and suspiscious behavior toward others onthe basis of unsupported beliefs that others mean harm or are being deceptive |
| Schizoid Personality Disorder | a pervasive pattern of social detachment |
| Schizotypal Personality Disorder | characterized by odd beliefs leading to interpersonal difficulties, may have an eccentric apearance, use an individualized language, perceptual distortions, etc |
| Manipulative | displaying warm open behaviors toward others with the underlying purpose of using the other for to meet their own needs |
| Entitlement | an unconscious feeling that ones needs are more important than those of others, they deny the negative effects of hurting others |
| Antisocial Personality Disorder | A pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, adolescent onset |
| Borderline Personality Disorder | A pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and effects and impulsivity |
| Narcissistic Personality Disorder | A pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy for others |
| Histrionic Personality Disorder | A pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking |
| Avoidant Personality Disorder | A pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive, clinging behavior and fear of seperation |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder | A pervasive pattern preoccupation with ordiliness, perfectionism, and mental and interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility, openess, and efficiency |
| Avoidant Personality Disorder | A pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and hypersensitivity to negative evaluation |
| Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) | a long term, detailed, cognitive-behavioral therapy approach specifically for borderline PD |
Created by:
danelleccns
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