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U. T. ASNT Lvl I
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| The indication on the instrument display that represents the far boundary of the material being tested is called________? | The back surface reflection |
| In immersion testing, the position of the transducer is often varied to transmit sound into the test part at various angles to the front surface. Such a procedure is referred to as________? | Angulation |
| The cable that connects the ultrasonic instrument to the transducer is specially designed so that one conductor is centered inside another. The technical name for such a cable is________? | Coaxial cable |
| The process of comparing an instrument or device with a standard is called_______? | Calibration |
| Another name for compressional wave is_________? | Longitudinal wave |
| Another name for Rayleigh wave is _______? | Surface waves |
| A material used between the face of a transducer and the test surface to permit or improve the transmission of ultrasonic vibrations from the transducer to the material being tested is called_________. | A couplant |
| The piezoelectric material in a transducer that vibrates to produce ultrasonic waves is called a __________. | Crystal |
| Ultrasonic testing of material where the transducer is in direct contact with the material being tested may be __________. | *straight beam testing *surface wave testing *angle beam testing |
| An advantage of using lithium sulfate in transducers is that it ______________________________. | Is one of the most efficient receivers of ultrasonic energy. |
| The transducer that contains the thinnest piezoelectric crystal is a __________. | 25 MHz transducer |
| A 25 MHz transducer would most likely be used during ___________. | Immersion testing |
| The amount of beam divergence from a crystal is primarily dependant on the _____________. | Frequency & crystal size |
| When an ultrasonic beam passess through the interface between two dissimilar materials at an angle, a new angle of sound travel takes place in the second material due to __________. | Refraction |
| The velocity of surface waves is approximately ___________ the velocity of shear waves in the same material. | Two times |
| Under most circumstances, which of the following frequencies would result in the best resolving power. * 1 MHz *5 MHz * 10 MHz * 25 MHz | 25 MHz |
| In contact testing, the entry surface indication is sometimes referred to as __________. | The initial pulse |
| An ultrasonic instrument display pattern containing a large number of low-level indications (often referred to as "hash") could be caused by ____________. | Course-grained material |
| A test method employing two separate transducers on opposite surfaces of the material being tested is called ________. | Through-transmission testing |
| The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a given period of time (usually 1's) is referred to as __________. | Frequency of a wave motion |
| The boundary between two different materials that are in contact with each other is called _________. | An interface |
| When the motion of the particles of a medium is parallel to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a _________. | Longitudinal wave |
| When the motion of the particles of a medium is transverse to the direction of propagation, the wave being transmitted is called a __________. | Shear wave |
| "25 million cycles per second" can also be stated as ______________. | 25 MHz |
| Moving a transducer over a test surface either manually or automatically is referred to as __________. | Scanning |
| A term used in ultrasonic's to express the rate at which sound waves pass through a various substance is __________. | Velocity |
| When a vertical indication has reached the maximum signal height which can be displayed or viewed on the display of an ultrasonic instrument, the indication has said to have reached its __________. | Vertical level |
| An ultrasonic testing technique in which the transducer element is not parallel to the test surface is called _________. | Angle beam testing |
| Most commercial ultrasonic testing is accomplished using frequencies between __________. | 0.2 & 25 MHz |
| In an A-scan presentation, the horizontal base line represents __________. | The elapsed time or distance |
| In an A-scan presentation the amplitude of vertical indications on the display represents the _________. | Amount of ultrasonic sound energy returning to the transducer |
| In a basic ultrasonic test pattern (A-scan) for contact testing (assuming no sweep delay is used), the initial pulse _____________. | Is the high indication on the extreme left side of the display that represents the entry surface of the inspected part |
| An ultrasonic test using straight beam contact transducer is being conducted through the thickness of a flat part such as a plate. The test could detect _________________. | Laminar-type flaws with major dimensions parallel to the rolled surface |
| In ultrasonic testing, a liquid coupling medium between the crystal surface and the part surface is necessary because _______________. | An air interface between the crystal surface and the part surface would almost completely reflect the ultrasonic vibrations. |
| Entry surface resolution is a characteristic of an ultrasonic testing system which defines its ability to _______________. | Detect discontinuities located just beneath the entry surface in the part being tested |
| During ultrasonic testing by the immersion method, it is frequently necessary to angulate the transducer with a discontinuity is located in order to _____________. | Obtain a maximum response if the discontinuity is not originally oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic beam. |
| All other factors being equal, the mode of vibration that has the greatest velocity is the ____________. | Longitudinal wave |
| On the area amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks, the flat bottom holes in the blocks are ____________. | Different in diameter, increasing by 0.4 mm (0..16 in) increments from the No. "1" block to the No. "8" block. |
| In immersion testing, verification that the transducer is normal to a flat entry surface is indicated by ____________. | Maximum reflection from the entry surface |
| A piezoelectric materials can _________. | Convert mechanical energy into electrical energy |
| A disadvantage of using natural quartz in a transducer is that ______________. | It is the least effective generator of ultrasonic energy of all commonly used materials |
| An advantage of using a ceramic transducer in transducers is that it _____________. | Is one of the most effective generators of ultrasonic energy. |
| The primary purpose of reference blocks is to ____________. | Obtain a common reproducible signal |
| When testing by the surface wave method, patches of oil or dirt on the surface may _______________. | Cause both an attenuation of sound and indications on the screen. |
| In immersion testing, the most commonly used couplant is ____________. | Water |
| The piezoelectric material in the transducer ______________. | Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. |
| The shortest wavelength pulse is produced by a frequency of _______________. | 25 MHz |
| The angle of incidence is _________. | Equal to the angle of reflection |
| On many ultrasonic testing instruments, an operator conducting an immersion test can remove that portion of the display presentation that represents water distance by adjusting a ______________. | Sweep delay control |
| "100,000 cycles per second" can be written _______. | 100 kHz |
| A transducer with a frequency greater than 10 MHz will most likely be used during ______________. | An immersion test |
| The reference holes in standard aluminum area amplitude ultrasonic test blocks contain ______________. | Flat bottom holes |
| The gradual loss of sonic energy as the ultrasonic vibrations travel through the material is referred to as _____________. | Attenuation |
| A term used to describe numerous small indications on the instrument display resulting from test part structure, numerous small discontinuities, or both, is often referred to as ___________. | Hash |
| When testing a plate, increasing the frequency of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave results in ___________. | No change in its velocity |
| Ultrasonic waves transmitted into and received from the test material in the form of repetitive bursts of acoustic energy is called __________. | Pulse echo testing |
| Metal blocks, which contain one or more drilled holes to simulate discontinuities, are called _________. | Reference blocks |
| If the major dimensions of a discontinuity in a 152mm (6 in) thick aluminum plate lie parallel to the entry surface at a depth of 76mm (3 in), it will be best detected by ___________. | Straight beam testing |
| The presence of a discontinuity will not produce a specific discontinuity indication on the instrument display when using the __________________. | Through-transmission testing method |
| The depth of a discontinuity cannot be determined when using the ___________. | Through-transmission testing method |
| When inspecting coarse-grained materials, a sound wave is most easily scattered by the grain structure by a frequency of______________. | 10 MHz |
| The thickest crystal is contained in ___________. | A 1 MHz transducer |
| When performing a surface wave test, indications may result from __________. | A surface discontinuity |
| Transducers constructed with a plastic wedge or standoff between the transducer element and the test piece are commonly used for _____________. | Angle beam contact testing |
| A transducer containing three or more individual transducer elements is often referred to as ______________. | A mosaic transducer |
| Sound can be focused by means of special curved adapters located in front of the transducer element. These adapters are referred to as___________. | Acoustic lenses |
| A test method in which the parts to be inspected are placed in a water bath or some other liquid couplant is called _________ _________. | Immersion testing |
| A separate time base line imposed on the viewing display of some ultrasonic testing instruments that permits measurement of distances is often referred to as __________. | A marker |
| A term used to describe the ability of an ultrasonic testing system to distinguish between the entry surface response and the response of discontinuities near the entry surface is ___________. | Resolution |
| The phenomenon whereby an ultrasonic wave changes Direction when the wave crosses a boundary between materials with different velocities is called _____________. | Refraction |
| In a test where the transducer is not perpendicular to the inspection surface, the angle of incidence is equal to _____________________. | The angle of reflection |
| The product of the acoustic velocity of sound in a material and the density of the material is the factor that determines the amount of reflection or transmission of ultrasonic energy when it reaches an interface. This term is called ______________. | Acoustic impedance |
| Ultrasonic waves that travel along the surface of a material and whose particle motion is elliptical are called ____________. | Rayleigh waves |
| The interference field near the face of a transducer is often referred to as the ___________. | Fresnel zone |
| When the incident angle is chosen to be between the first and second critical angles, the ultrasonic wave mode within the part will be a ___________. | Shear waves |
| The formula used to calculate the angle of refraction within a material is called ____________. | Snell's law |
| In a material with a given velocity, when frequency is increased, the wavelength will _________. | Decrease |
| A circuit that electronically amplify return signals from the receiving transducer and often modify the signals into a form suitable for display is called ______________. | Receiver-amplified circuits |
| The most common type of data display used for Ultrasonic examination of weld is ______________. | An A-scan display |
| The display that plot signal amplitude versus time as called ____________. | An A-scan display |
| A circuit that modifies their turn signal from the receiving transducer into a form suitable for display on an oscilloscope or other output device is called a ____________. | Receiver-amplifier |
| A circuit that generates a burst alternating voltage that is applied to the sending transducer is called a ___________. | Pulser |
| A circuit that coordinates electronic operation of the entire ultrasonic instrument system is called ___________. | A power supply |
| A plan view display or recording of a part under examination is called ____________. | A C-scan presentation |
| Ultrasonic data, which is presented in a form representative of the cross section of the test specimen, is called _____________. | A B-scan presentation |
| What type of ultrasonic examination uses wheel-type transducers that eliminate the use of a tank? | Immersion testing |
| In addition to other functions in, a transducer manipulator and a mechanical immersion-scanning unit permits ___________________. | Detection of obliquely-oriented discontinuities |
| A type of data presentation most likely to be used with a high speed automatic scanning system is ________________. | A C-scan presentation |
| The component in a conventional immersion system that spans the width of the immersion tank is called _____________. | A bridge |
| The component in an ultrasonic immersion system that is used to adjust and maintain and known transducer angle is called ___________. | A manipulator |
| An amplitude type gate is necessary for all ___________. | Automatic examinations |
| When a C-scan recording is used to produce a permanent record of an ultrasonic test, the information displayed is typically the discontinuity's _____________. | Location & size (plan view) |
| Rough entry surface conditions can result in ______________ or ________________. | * A loss off echo amplitude from discontinuities * An increase in the width of the front surface echo |
| As the grain size increases in a material, its principle effect in ultrasonic testing is on the ___________. | Attenuation |
| In straight beam pulse echo testing, a discontinuity with a rough reflecting surface perpendicular to the incident wave has what effect on the detected signal in comparison to the smooth flat bottom hole of the same size? | It decreases the detected signal |
| Ultrasonic vibrations can be propagated only in the longitudinal mode in ____________. | Machine oil |
| If the velocity of a longitudinal mode wave in a given homogenous material is 0.625 cm/ns at 0.5 inches (13 mm) below the surface, what is the velocity at 2 inches (51 mm) below the surface? | The same as the velocity at 0.5 inches (13 mm) |
| If a 5 MHz transducer is substituted for a 2.25 MHz transducer, the effect on the wavelength of a longitudinal mode wave produced in a test specimen is that ______________. | The wavelength should be shorter |
| What can cause non relevant indications on the cathode ray tube? | * contoured surface * edge effects * surface conditions |
| The proper interpretation and evaluation of the presented defect signals are essential to any non-destructive test. A common method for the estimation of a defect size is the use of ____________. | A reference standard |
| Another name for Fresno zone is ____________. | Near field |
| Attenuation is a _______________. | Test material parameter |
| For discontinuity geometries other than flat, the echo amplitude is usually __________ from that observe for a flat defect, of similar orientation perpendicular to the sound beams. | Decreased |
| To evaluate discontinuities that are oriented at an angle to the entry surface so that the sound beam strikes the point of discontinuity at right angles, the operator must ___________. | Angulate the transducer |
| The pulser circuit in an ultrasonic instrument is used to _____________. | Activate the transducer |
| An A-scan display, which shows a signal both above and below the sweep line is called _____________. | A RF display |
| A B-scan display shows the relative _______________________________. | Distance a discontinuity is from the transducer and it's length in the direction of the transducer travel. |
| Surface (Rayleigh) waves traveling on the top face of a block ______________. | Are reflected from a sharp edge corner. |
| Surface (Rayleigh) waves are more highly attenuated by _____________. | A heavy couplant |
| The velocity of sound in a material is dependent upon the _________________. | Material properties (I.e. Density & elasticity) |
| To vary or change the wavelength of sound being used to test a part, change the _______________. | Sound wave frequency |
| Ultrasonic vibrations are commonly used to __________________, ________________, & _____________. | *Examine materials for discontinuities * examine materials for thickness * examine materials for mechanical properties |
| Which of the following has the longest fresnel Zone? * 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 1 MHz * 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 2025 MHz * 1.125 inch (28.5mm) diameter 1 MHz * 1.5 inch (38mm) diameter 2 MHz | 0.5 inch (13mm) diameter 2025 MHz |
| When contact testing, if the ultrasonic instrument is set with an excessively high pulse repetition frequency __________________. | Interference of UT signals and undesirable fluctuations in Signal amplitude result. |
| The advantages of immersion testing include ___________________, ___________________, & ______________. | * increased inspection speed * the ability to control and detect sound beams * adaptability for automated scanning |
| Longitudinal wave velocity in water is approximately 1/4 the Velocity in aluminum or steel. Therefore, the minimum water path should be __________________. | 1/4 the test piece thickness plus 0.25 inches (6mm) |
| In immersion testing, a wetting agent is added to the water to ____________________. | Help eliminate the formation of air bubbles |
| The formula used to determine the fundamental resonant frequency is _____________ | F = V/2T |
| IF frequency is increased, wavelength ______________. | Decreases (becomes shorter) |
| The variable in distance amplitude calibration block construction is the ________________. | Metal distance above the drilled hole |
| When setting up a distance amplitude correction curve using 3 flat bottom holes, sometimes the hole closest to the transducer gives less of the response than one or both of the other two. This could be caused by ___________________. | Near field effects |
| Most ferrous and non-ferrous welds may be ultrasonically tested using a frequency range of __________. | 1 - 2.25 MHz |
| The product of the material density and the velocity of sound within that material is referred to as _____________. | Acoustic impedance |
| A straight beam contact transducer consists of _______________, ______________, ___________, & ______________. | * A case * a crystal * a mount * backing |
| In the immersion testing, to remove the second water Reflection from between the entry surface signal and the first reflection, you should ________________. | Increase the water path |
| For a given incident angle, as the frequency of the transducer increases, the refracted angle _______________. | Stays the same |
| Both longitudinal and Shear wave may be simultaneously generated in a second medium when the angle of incidence is ______________. | Between normal (90°) and the first critical angle |
| An immersion testing, when the sound beam strikes a concave surface, the sound beam tends to ___________. | Converge |
| Penetration of ultrasonic waves in a material is normally the function of the test frequency that is used. The greatest depth of penetration is provided by a frequency of ____________. ( 1 MHz, 2.25 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz) | 1 MHz |
| Generally speaking, certain piezoelectric materials exhibit Better Properties than others. The following material that is considered to be the most efficient receiver of ultrasonic energy is ___________ (quartz, ceramic,barium titanate,lithium sulfate) | Lithium sulfate |
| Refracted energy assumes a new direction of propagation when ___________ is changed. | Incident angle |
| The loss of energy as it propagates through material is the result of beam ____________. | Attenuation |
| In selecting a suitable couple, which of the following characteristics would not affect the selection? ( mode of propagation desired, material surface finish and temperature, operating frequency of the transducer, chemical properties of the couplant) | Operating frequency of the transducer |
| Excessive surface roughness of the material being tested can cause ___________________. | A loss of echo amplitude from discontinuities within the material |
| Reference or calibration standards are used for _____________. | Providing a method of standardizing the test system |
| The change in direction of an ultrasonic beam when it passes from one material to another material in which elasticity and density differ is called ___________. | Refraction |
| If a discontinuity is oriented at an angle other than 90° to the sound beam, the result may be a _______________. | Loss or lack of signal reflected from the discontinuity |
| A device that transforms electrical impulses into mechanical and vice-versa utilizes _____________________. | Piezoelectric principles |
| Whenever an ultrasonic incident angle is set at 5° from normal _________________. | The refracted wave has two components, one of which will be the same mode as the incident wave |
| If a discontinuity is located in the Fresnel or near field region of a sound beam ___________. | In immersion testing, the amplitude of the reflected signal may increase or decrease as the water path decreases. |
| If a transducer is vibrating at a frequency and injecting ultrasonic energy through water into a steel specimen _____________. | The sound wavelength is not the same in both the water and the steel |
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