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Psy Chapt 14
Psychology Chapter 14
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| psychopathology | Sickness or disorder of the mind. |
| etiology | Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder. |
| Moral treatment | A therapy that involves that involved close contact with and careful observation of patients. |
| Melancholy | Which we often use to describe people who are sad. |
| Maladaptiveness | That is, a person with psychopathology exhibits thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are maladaptive rather than deviant. |
| Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) | A method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior. |
| assessment | In psychology, examination of a person’s cognitive, behavioral, or emotional functioning to diagnose possible psychological disorders. |
| diathesis-stress model | A diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event. |
| family systems model | A diagnostic model that considers problems within an individual as indicating problems within the family. |
| sociocultural model | A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures. |
| cognitive-behavioral approach | A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs. |
| Internatizing disorders | Are characterized by negative emotions of distress and fear. These disorders include major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic disorder. |
| Externalizing disorders | Are characterized by disinbibition. These disorders include alcohalism, conduct disorder, and antisocial personality disorder. |
| anxiety disorder | A psychological disorder characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger. |
| generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) | A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event. |
| panic disorder | An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror. |
| agoraphobia | An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible. |
| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) | A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions. |
| Obsessions | are recurrent, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts or ideas or mental images. |
| Compulsions | are particular acts that the OCD patient feels driven to perform over and over. |
| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) | A disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma. |
| major depressive disorder | A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally |
| persistent depressive disorder | A form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder. |
| learned helplessness | A cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives. |
| bipolar I disorder | A disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and, frequently, depressive episodes as well. |
| bipolar II disorder | A disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods. |
| dissociative disorders | Disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness. |
| dissociative identity disorder (DID) | The occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual. |
| schizophrenia | A psychological disorder characterized by a split between thought and emotion; it involves alterations in thoughts, perceptions, or consciousness. |
| delusions | False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality. |
| hallucinations | False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source. |
| disorganized speech | Speaking in an incoherent fashion that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things. |
| disorganized behavior | Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs, bizarre speech, and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe. |
| negative symptoms | Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement. |
| borderline personality disorder | A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control. |
| antisocial personality disorder (APD) | A personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy. |
| autism spectrum disorder | A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests. |
| attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) | A disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity. |
Created by:
Haleyannestes
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