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science study guide

helpful vocab and info for science test

QuestionAnswer
What are the layers of the earth in order from middle to outside? Inner Core,Outer Core,Mantle,Upper Mantle,Lithosphere,Crust
What is the theory of continental drift? Alfred Wagner developed the theory that the tectonic plates are drifting apart to form the continents.
What evidence did Wagner have to support his theory? Fossils were found of the same species on different continents.
Why was Wagner not believed? Wagner couldn't explain how the tectonic plates move.
What is the mid-ocean ridge? A long, seismically active submarine ridge system situated in the middle of an ocean, marking the site of the of magma associated with seafloor spreading.
How was the mid-ocean ridge discovered? It was discovered by *sonar. *A system for the detecting objects under water and measuring the water's depth by emitting sound pulses and detecting or measuring their return after being reflected.
Who discovered the idea of seafloor spreading? Harry Hess.
Describe the process of sea floor spreading. When a volcano erupts the lava cools to form new rock that pushes the old rock away.
What evidence do scientists have of sea floor spreading? 1. Drilling Samples 2. Molten Material 3. Magnetic Strips
What is subduction? When there is a convergent boundary, continental crust collides with oceanic crust and the oceanic crust is softer so it goes under the continental crust and gets" recycled".
Who discovered the theory of plate tectonics? J Tuzo Willson.
What is the theory of plate tectonics? a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle. A theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates that move slowly over the underlying mantle.
What are the three types of boundaries? 1. Convergent- Plates crashing into one another 2. Divergent- Plates pulling apart 3. Transform- Plates scraping against each other
What causes the plates to move? Convection Currents
What is the ring of fire? Volcanoes that circle the Pacific Ocean. The horseshoe shaped circle is 25,000 miles long. It has 452 volcanoes with 75% of the world's active volcanoes in the circle.
What is a seismograph? A tool that measures the strength of the earthquake.
What is the magnitude of an earthquake? The strength of the waves.
What are three ways you can prepare for an earthquake? 1. Build stronger buildings 2. Check emergency supplies 3. Charge phone and batteries
What are the three types of volcanoes? 1. Cinder Cone 2. Composite 3. Sheild
What are active, dormant and extinct volcanoes? Active- probably going to erupt Dormant-Might erupt again Extinct- Never going to erupt again
What is the difference between magma and lava? Magma- inside volcano Lava- Outside volcano
What is a mineral? A natural inorganic solid that has a crystal structure.
What is the most common place to find minerals? Soil.
What are some properties the can help to identify different minerals? 1. Hardness- mohs hardness system 2. Color- color of of powder 3. Streak- streak plate 4. Luster- reflects light 5. Density- triple beam balance 6. Crystal System- senses
How are igneous rocks formed? Most are made from crystals and cooled lava/magma.
What are the four steps to forming a sedimentary rock? 1. Erosion 2. Deposition 3. Compaction 4. Cementation
How are metamorphic rocks formed? Any rock can turn into a metamorphic with heat and pressure.
What is the rock cycle? The process of changing rock from one state to another.
Created by: ahotaling24
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