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RAD Positioning
Genitourinary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Optimal kVp for iodinated contrast | 80-85 |
| Direction of urine takes after formed in the nephron and passes through the collecting tubules | Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra |
| Indicates a severe contrast reaction | Laryngeal edema, respiratory/cardiac arrest, cyanosis, loss of consciousness, bradycardia, hypotension |
| Area where the ureters enter the bladder and the urethra exits | Trigone |
| Tech responsibilities prior to contrast injection | Obtain complete hx, have Emergency cart readily available, check contrast label 3x, prepare all supplies, explain procedure |
| A functional study of the bladder and urethra | Cystourethrogram |
| Why is non-ionic contrast preferable to ionic contrast when injected into the bloodstream | Non-ionic does not dissociate in solution or increase blood osmolality so it is less likely to cause adverse reactions |
| What are some congenital conditions of the urinary system | Horseshoe kidney, double collecting system, ectopic kidney |
| How does the kidney lie in the body (rotation) | 30 backward rotation |
| Normal adult BUN range | 8-25 mg/100 mL |
| What is the significance of diabetes in the patients hx prior to contrast injection | If pt takes Metformin, lab values must be obtained, prior to injection of the contrast media |
| Contraindications to Iodinated Contrast media | Acute Renal Failure, Previous Significant Reaction, Multiple Myeloma, Pheochromocytoma, Acute Sickle Cell Crisis |
| Kidney pathology that presents appearing like a bunch of grapes | Polycystic kidney disease |
| Prior to an IVU, what should the technologist do if the patient has a urinary catheter | Clamp it |
| The timing sequence for the IVU begins: | At the start of the contrast injection |
| Clinical indications for an IVU | Flank pain, hematuria, calculi, mass, UTI |
| Common side effects following the injection of contrast | Metallic taste in the mouth, warm flushed feeling |
| Done to enhance filling of the pelvicalyceal sytem in the early stages of an IVU | Ureteric Compression |
| Name for the area along medial border or each kidney that transmits renal arteries, veins, lymph vessels and nerves | Hilum |
| Purpose of the hysterosalpingogram | To demonstrate the uterus and patency of the fallopian tubes |
| Contraindications to the hystero | Pregnancy, PID, Active uterine bleeding |
| First thing tech should do when the patient begins to have a contrast reaction | Call for HELP |
| Best patient position to utilize gravity to help move stones along the urinary tract | Prone |
| Three ureteric points of constriction | UPJ, Pelvic Brim, UVJ |
| Three images taken during a Retrograde pyelogram | Scout, Pyelogram, Ureterogram |
| Term for the outer and portion of the kidney | Cortex |
| 30 degree IVU obliques best demonstrate: | The upside kidney // to the IR, and the downside ureter |
| A patient having a moderate contrast reaction may have: | Giant hives, possible laryngeal swelling, bronchospasm, tachycardia, bradycardia, angioedema or hypotension |
| When should the hysterosalpingogram be scheduled | Within 10 days of the start of the menstrual cycle |
| TRUE or FALSE: The Cystogram is an Antegrade Study | FALSE |
| Capacity of the urinary bladder | 350-500mL |
| Abnormal, downward displacement of the kidney is termed | Nephroptosis |
| An obstructed ureter will cause the distention of the kidney termed | Hydronephrosis |
| TRUE or FALSE: The kidneys remove nitrogenous waste and regulate water levels in the body | TRUE |
| The outer capsule of the uterus that is lined with peritoneum | Serosa |
| IVU Routine | 1 min nephrogram, 5 min, 10 -15 min KUB, 20 min OBL's, Pre-void, Post-Void |
| Degree of obliquity on cysto obliques | 45-60 |
| Positioning for a cysto bladder | 2"superior to the symphysis pubis, directed 10-15 degrees caudad |
| Positioning difference between male and female for VCUG | Female-AP, Male 30 degree RPO |
| Positioning for Nephrogram | CR half way between xiphoid and IC |
| Placement of paddles for ureteric compression | Over the pelvic brim, medial to the ASIS's |
| Normal Creatinine Range | Creatine 0.6-1.5 mg/dL |
| Term for the inner portion of the kidney | Medulla |
| Can an IVU and BE be performed on the same day? | YES |
Created by:
EHodgis
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