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psych learning
principles of learning exam 2 lecture 15
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| stimulus substitution | the C-R and U-R are the same and the subject treats the CS like a US |
| preparatory-response model | the purpose of CR is to prepare the organism for the upcoming presentation of the US- called the preparatory-response model |
| Homeostasis | set of physiological mechanisms that maintain stability of critical physiological functions |
| compensatory response | the body mounts an opposing response to minimize the bodily disturbance |
| drug tolerance | Tolerance builds to drugs such that the same dose does not give you the same effects and you need to use more to get the same effect |
| conditioned responses | A response that is elicited by the conditioned stimulus |
| Main problem with using fear to cues associated with traumatic events as maladaptive PTSD symptoms | If something really is paired with traumatic events, you should be afraid of it and avoid it |
| Preparedness | a genetically-based predisposition within a species to learn certain types of associations more easily than others |
| Temperament | the individual’s base level of emotionality and reactivity to stimuli Genetics has a strong influence on this – People with certain temperaments are more prone to develop anxiety disorders |
| Observational learning | we can develop fear to stimuli by observing other people’s fearful reactions to them |
| History of control | - previously being able to control events in one’s environment can make people/animals more resistant to developing anxiety disorders |
| Selective Sensitization | an increase in one’s reactivity to a potentially fear-inducing stimulus following exposure to an unrelated stressful event |
| Incubation | strengthening of a conditioned fear response as a result of very brief exposures to the aversive CS – Almost like a “reverse extinction” |
| avoidance behavior | The person never experiences the stimulus long enough for extinction and may even experience incubation |
| Systematic desensitization | exposure to fear-inducing stimuli is gradually increased over time while pairing the stimulus with relaxation or other appetitive stimuli |
| Flooding | the cue is presented for a long period of time without the aversive outcome (ex: getting bit) and without the person/animal being able to avoid it Basically, we resolve traumatization by traumatizing them with what they traumatize |
| in vivo desensitization | Exposure to the feared stimulus starts low and slowly increases over time- while experiencing something that counteracts fear using the actual stimulus you are afraid of (called in vivo desensitization) |
| Counterconditioning | The procedure whereby a conditioned stimuli that elicits one type of response is associated with an event that elicits an incompatible response |
| In vivo flooding | Done using actual stimulus |
| imaginal flooding | Doesn't use actual stimulus |
Created by:
tdhughes02
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