Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Infectious Diseases
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1st generation Cephalosporins | cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefazolin, perioperative prophylaxis, skin and soft tissue infections |
| organisms that are susceptible to 1st generation ceph. | staph, strep, and EKP |
| 2nd generation cephalosporins | cefuroxime, cefprozil, etc, acute otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis |
| organisms that are susceptible to 2nd generation ceph. | staph, strep, EKP, and Hae. inf |
| 3rd generation cephalosporins | Cefotaxime, ceftiaxone, ceftazidime, CAP, meningitis, febrile neutropenia |
| organisms that are susceptible to 3nd generation ceph. | staph, strep, EKP, ESP, and pseudomonas |
| 4th generation cephalosporin | cefepime |
| organisms that are susceptible to 4th generation ceph. | all above but more resistant to bactam lactamase than 3rd |
| against anaerobes | cephamycins and carbapenems |
| cephalosporin used in neonates | cefotaxime |
| ceftriaxone | eliminated via biliary tract, longest half-life (24h) |
| ceftazidime | inducer of multi-resistant organisms (ESBL production), activity against psuedomonas |
| beta-lactam adverse reactions | allergic rxns. GI-N/V/D, rare:renal toxicity, hematological toxicity |
| risk of cross allergy with cephalosporin if an allergy to pen? | 1-10%, 1st>2nd>3rd, carbapenems similar risk as about 3rd genertation, severe prior rxn, change med, if not proceed with caution |
| "original" penicillins spectrum and uses | strep, pneumococci, enteroco, h. influ (penicillin still best for strep), URTIs, dental prophylaxis for endocarditis, UTI by enterococci, syphilis |
| Procaine | qd |
| Benzathine | q weekly |
| beta-lactam PK | concentration-independent, time above the MIC matters |
| antistaph penicillins and therapeutic uses? | dicloxacillin, nafcillin, SST, osteomylitis, endocarditis |
| antipseudomonal penicillins? | piperacillin(longer half-life and more active), and ticarcillin, used with b-lactam inhibitor |
| organism that does not display PAE in vitro but does in vivo | only gram positive that does not is: streptococci, no PAE with penicillins and cephalosporins, but with AG, FQ, carbapenems, etc |
| Organism(s) that has ABX resistance-decreased permeability | channels change shape of decrease in number-pseudomonas |
| Organism(s) that has ABX resistance-efflux pump | S. pneumoniae(macrolides), E. coli(quinolones) |
| Organism(s) that has ABX resistance-drug inactivation | ex:beta-lactamase, Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbaoenemase(all beta-lactams including carbapenems) |
| Have activity against extended spectrum beta-lactamases | carbapenems |
| MRSA is resistant to: | all beta lactams |
| 1st generation quinolone | nalidixic acid |
| percentage of resistance of macrolides to strep pneumo? | 51% |
| VRSA | can still be treated with new or investigationsal drugs-quinupristin/dalfopristin(Synercid), linezolid (Zyvox), daptomycin(Cubicin), and tigecycline(Tygacil) |
| quinolone MOA | target two sites: DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV |
| quinolone, sulfa, nitrofurantoin, and tetracycline PK | concentration-dependent |
| quinolone SE | tendinitis, cartilage erosion with weight bearing joints, QT prolongation, urine crystallization, insomnia, HAs, GI reflx, photosensitivity |
| 2nd generation quinolones | ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin(Floxin), activity against gm - including pseudomonas, cirpo better, atypical bacteria, UTIs, chlamydia(ofl), PID(ofl), UT(cip), anthrax(cip_ |
| 3rd generation quinolones | levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin,gatifloxicin discontinued due to insulin INX, gm- only levo against pseudomonas, cipro still #1, atypical bacteria, added activity against gm+, active against resistant strep. pneu |
| therapeutic uses for 3rd generation quinolones | CAP, sinusitis, UTI and prostatitis, SST |
| difference btwn beta lactam and quinolones | beta-conc. independent and acquire more gm- activity as generations progress, quinolones-conc dep and acquire more gm+ activity as generations progress |
| 4th generation quinolone | trovafloxacin, restricted use due to liver tox, added activity against anaerobes, slightly less pseudomonas |
| TMP/SMX | trimethoprim MOA-binds to DHFRsulf MOA-competes with PABA for synthesis of dihydrofolic acid |
| TMP/SMX spectrum and uses | gm- except pseudomonas, strep, staph, pnemococcus, and atypicals, UTIs, URTIs, SST |
| TMP/SMX SE | photosensitivity, rash, crystallization of urine, rarer: blood count abnormalities Drug INX:warfarin, anticonvulsants |
| nitrofurantoin | urinary antiseptic |
| tetracyclines | inhibit protein syn, attach to 30s |
| tetracycline spectrum and uses | atypicals, staph, strep, pneumococcus, gm- except pseudomonas, CAP, ACNE AND ROSACEA, skin and soft tissue, CA-MRSA, lyme disease, rocky mountain spotted fever |
| tetracycline SE | GI upset, photosensitivty, discoloration of teeth, disposition into bones, CONTRA in kids under 8, drug INX: dairy, calcium, mg, iron |
| Quinupristin/Dalfoprisin (Synercid) | activity against gm+ resistant infections(MRSA, MRSE and VREF, VRSA), target 50S, quin is late phase and dalf is early phase, weak alone 30/70 ratio, bacteriocidal, static against VRE, lots of drug INX and SE |
| Linezolid (Zyvox) | oxazolidinone, interferes with early stages of protein synthesis, staphylococcus-cidal, streptococcus-static, enterococcus-static, well-tolerated, can be marrow toxic, drug INX with MAOIs and tyramines in food, $$$ |
| Daptomycin (Cubicin) | lipopeptide, cidal against gm+, binds to cm(calcium dependent) depolarizes cm by efflux of potassium, conc-dep, only abx that is cidal on its own against enterococcus, very rapid action vs. vanco, well-tolerated, $$, not in LUNGS |
| Tigecycline | glycylcycline, binds to 30S, not affected by common abx resistance mechanisms, lots of common organisms gm+ and gm- but no pseudomonas, dosed bid but will probably go to qd, dose limited by N/V |
| macrolide MOA | binds reversibly to 50S subunit of ribosome, inhibits elongation by blocking peptidyltransferase |
| macrolide PK | conc-indep |
| eryth SE | hard on stomach, take EC form, excreted in bile, clarith and azith easier on stomach, azith better tissue penetration and longer half-life compared to clarith(metallic taste) |
| eryth and clarith drug INX | inhibit P450, increase conc of dig, warfarin, theophylline, cyclosporine, etc, azith no drug INX |
| macrolide spectrum and uses | gm+ and gm- and atypical, 2nd and 3rd line for acute otitis medica, sinusitis, pharyngitis, penumonia, SST, H. pylori, gon and chlamydia(azith) |
| telithromycin | ketolide enhanced activity against strep pneum, CAP, liver toxicity |
| Clindamycin MOA | binds to 50S, relative of macrolide |
| clindamycin spectrum and uses | gm+, anaerobes, aspiration pneumonia, intra-abdominal infs, acne, SST, CA-MRSA, C-dif diarrhea |
| Metronidazole MOA | disrupts bacterial DNA synthesis, conc-depen, anaerobe, alcohol and warfarin INX, urine discoloration |
| Rifampin | inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase, gm+, used for TB, in synergy for serious gm+ infs, liver enzyme inducer, colors bodily fluids |
Created by:
AndreaMBestul
Popular Pharmacology sets