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Chapter 8 psych
Question | Answer |
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Conceptual change in science obeys a principle of ____ thats absent, That is, a new theory in science must make contact with previously ____ empirical ____. To be considered an advance, it must not only explain_____ facts but also account for ____ ones | connectivity/ established/ facts / new / old |
breakthrough model of scientific progress – what call the _____ syndrome. implying that new discoveries violate the principle of _____. This implication is _____ bc whenprinciple of connectivity is_____main beneficiaries r the purveyors of ____ | einstein / connectivity/ dangerous/ abandoned/ pseudoscience |
The evidence that scientists evaluate is ____ the data from a_____ experiment that has been designed in the_____ way. Instead, scientists must evaluate data from dozens of experiments, ea.containing______ flaws but ea. providing a small part of the ____ | not/ single/ perfect/ some/ answer |
The principle of _______________________ evidence is also a very useful _______________________ for the lay consumer of scientific _______________________ and is particularly useful in evaluating _______________________ claims. | converging/ tool/ info/ useful |
A reasonably strong____ is justified even though no one experiment was perfectly designed. Thus, the principle of converging_____ urges us to base_____ on data that arise from a ________ of slightly different experimental ____________ | conclusion/ evidence/ conclusions/ number/ sources |
principle of ______ evidence can also be stated in terms of theory testing. Research is highly convergent when a ______ of experiments consistently supports a given theory while collectively______ the most important competing theory | converging/ series/ sources |
In psychology we have to walk a very fine line. For example, we must _______________________ the temptation to regard a particular psychological hypothesis as “_______________________” when evidence surrounding it is still _______________________. | resist/ proven/ ambigiuos |
we should not ______ to the incompleteness of knowledge and the tentativeness of conclusions by______ whether firm conclusions in psychology will ever be reached. Nor should we be tempted by th_______ claim that psychology cannot be a ________________ | overreact/ doubting/ irrational/ science |
To put things in the form of a simple rule, when _____ empirical evidence in the field of psychology, think in terms _______ ________ rather than breakthrough – in terms of gradual synthesis rather than ____ ______ | evaluating/scientific consensus/ great leap |
Unfortunately, the media, with their “he-said, she-said_____, played right into the hands of the global-warming ________, because the media’s “one-side, otherside” reporting suggested that there was great _________ when there was not | orientation/ deniers/ controversy |
In psychology and many other _______________________, the combining of evidence from disparate studies to form a conclusion is now being done more formally by the use of the statistical technique termed _______________________ - _______________________ | sciences/ meta-analysists |
convergence principle-we shouldnt despair when results of studies on problem appear ______process of evidence_____ in science is likeprojector bringing unknown slide into_____. as the slide is____ a bit more, identification can be made w,great______ | to be contradicting / amalgamation/ focus / focused / confidence |