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HPsych-Chapter2:EnSy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pituitary Gland | connected to the hypothalamus (endocrine and nervous systems interact), acts as a master gland, controlling the others |
| Anterior Pituitary | secretes hormones that influence growth |
| Somatotropic Hormone (STH) | from the anterior pituitary, signals for bone, muscle, and organ development |
| Gonadotropic Hormone | from the anterior pituitary, signals for growth and secretions of the gonads |
| Thyrotropic Hormone (TSH) | from the anterior pituitary, signals for thyroid growth and secretions |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | from the anterior pituitary, signals for the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex |
| Oxytocin | from the posterior pituitary, causes labor contractions and lactation |
| Vasopressin/Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | from the posterior pituitary, helps regulate kidney function (Ex. how much fluid you retain) |
| Posterior Pituitary | produces oxytocin and vasopressin |
| Adrenal Gland | made up of the adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex |
| Adrenal medulla | secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine (noradrenaline) | released from the adrenal medulla, hormone and neurotransmitter, promote the activity of sympathetic stimulation |
| Androgens | released from the adrenal cortex, influences male sex characteristics |
| Adrenal Cortex | stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system and by ACTH from and anterior pituitary to release steroid hormones to arouse the body in response to emergencies and stress |
| Mineralocorticoids | released from the adrenal cortex, include aldosterone, which facilitates sodium absorption by the kidneys |
| Glucocorticoids | released from the adrenal cortex, include cortisol, which conserves carbohydrates and reduces inflammation from injuries |
| Estrogens | released from the adrenal cortex, influences female sex characteristics |
| thyroid gland | produces hormones including thyroxine that regulate activity levels and growth (metabolism) |
| Hypothyroidism | insufficiency; low activity, weight gain; congenital condition can cause dwarfism and mental retardation |
| Hyperthyroidism | excess; high activity, short attention span, tremors, insomnia, weight loss |
| Thymus gland | involved in the development of antibodies and immunities; T-cells mature here |
| Pancreas | regulates blood sugar/glucose |
| Glucagon | secreted by the pancreas; raises blood glucose |
| Insulin | secreted by the pancreas; lowers blood glucose, controls conversion of glucose and carbohydrates into energy, insufficient supply causes diabetes |
| Diabetes mellitus cause | may have hereditary component, influenced by bacterial/viral infection of the pancreas |
| Type 1 Diabetes | insulin dependent; not enough insulin is produced; autoimmune disorder? |
| Type 2 Diabetes | non-insulin-dependent; body is not sufficiently responsive to insulin; linked to obesity (adult onset diabetes) |
| Hyperglycemia | too much blood sugar or too little insulin; can cause coma and death |
| Hypoglycemia | too little blood sugar or too much insulin; can lead to coma |
| Ovaries and testes | produce sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone, etc.) |
Created by:
Jean-O
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