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PSYO121 Ch. 14
Stress & Health
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| health psychology | concerned with ways psychological factors influence the causes and treatments of physical illness and maintenance of health |
| environmental psychology | scientific study of environmental effects on behaviour and health |
| stressors | specific events or chronic pressures that place demands on a person or threaten the person's well-being |
| stress | physical and psychological response to internal or external stressors (major life changes cause stress; stress causes illness) |
| chronic stressors | sources of stress that occur continuously or repeatedly |
| fight or flight response | an emotional or physiological reaction to an emergency that increases readiness for action (activates cascading response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis) |
| GAS: alarm | body mobilizes resources to respond to the threat; fight or flight response; pulls from stored fat/muscle |
| GAS: resistance | body adapts to high arousal state and tries to cope with the stressor |
| GAS: exhaustion | damage occurs; body becomes susceptible to infection, organ damage, premature aging, death, etc |
| telomeres | caps at the end of each chromosome to prevent them from sticking - helps cell division process |
| immune system | complex response system that protects the body from bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances |
| white blood cells (lymphocytes: T cells, B cells) | produce antibodies that fight infection |
| psychoneuroimmunology | study of how the immune system responds to psychological variables (i.e stressors) |
| Type A behaviour pattern | tendency towards easily aroused hostility, impatience, time urgency, and competitive achievement strivings; opposite is Type B |
| primary appraisal | interpretation of a stimulus as stressful |
| secondary appraisal | determining whether the stressor is something you can handle or not; aka your level of control; determine if stressor is a threat or challenge |
| burnout | physical, emotional, and mental exhaustion created by long-term involvement in an emotionally demanding situation and accompanied by lower performance and motivation |
| repressive coping | avoiding feelings, thoughts or situations that are reminders of a stressor and maintaining an artificially positive viewpoint |
| rational coping | facing the stressor and working to overcome it; approaching rather than avoiding |
| 3 step process to rational coping | acceptance: realize that the stressor exists and won't go away exposure: attending to the stressor, thinking about it, seeking it out understanding: find the meaning of the stressor in life, find a new way to think about the stressor to reduce its threat |
| stress inoculation training (SIT) | technique that helps people cope with stressful situations by developing positive ways to think about the situation |
| meditation | intentional contemplation - clear the mind of thoughts, focus on a single thought, concentrate on breathing |
| relaxation therapy | reducing tension by consciously relaxing muscles of the body |
| relaxation response | reduced muscle tension, cortical activity, heart rate, breathing rate and blood pressure |
| biofeedback | use of external monitoring device to obtain information about a bodily function and gain control over that function |
| aerobic exercise | exercise that increases heart rate/oxygen intake for a sustained period of time |
| social support | aid gained through interacting with others; most effective for women (tend and befriend) |
| religious experience | religiosity vs. spirituality |
| humour | can reduce sensitivity to pain/distress; can reduce time it takes to calm down after stress |
| sickness response | coordinated, adaptive set of reactions to illness organized by the brain - keep you at home and not moving so energy can be spent healing you |
| psychosomatic illness | an interaction between mind (psych) and body (soma) that can produce illness |
| somatic symptom disorders | a person with at least one bodily symptom displays significant health-related anxiety, expresses disproportionate concerns about their symptoms, and devotes excessive time and energy to their symptoms or health concerns |
| (previously) somatoform disorders | psychological concerns about explainable medical symptoms; hypochondriacs |
| malingering | feigning medical or psychological symptoms to achieve something desirable |
| commitment | ability to become involved in life's tasks |
| control | expectation that their actions/words have a casual influence over their lives |
| challenge | embrace change and accept opportunities for growth |
| self-regulation | exercise of voluntary control over the self to bring the self into line with preferred standards; reliance on will power |
| illusion of unique vulnerability | bias toward believing they are less likely to fall victim to the problem than others |
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