Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Powell
Learning_1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| animal cognition, comparative cognition | Names for the study of cognitive processes in nonhuman animals. (2) |
| applied behavior analysis | A technology of behavior in which basic principles of behavior are applied to real-world issues. |
| behavior | Any activity of an organism that can be observed or somehow measured. |
| behavior analysis (experimental analysis of behavior) | The behavioral science that grew out of Skinner’s philosophy of radical behaviorism. |
| behaviorism | A natural science approach to psychology that focuses on the study of environmental influences on observable behavior. |
| British empiricism (John Locke) | The theory that almost all knowledge is a function of experience. |
| cognitive behaviorism (purposive behaviorism, Tolman) | A brand of behaviorism that utilizes intervening variables, usually in the form of hypothesized cognitive processes, to help explain behavior. |
| cognitive map | The mental representation of one’s spatial surroundings. |
| contiguity, similarity, contrast, frequency, parsimony | Aristotle's five laws of learning |
| countercontrol | The deliberate manipulation of environmental events to alter their impact on our behavior. |
| empiricism (nurture perspective) | In psychology, the assumption that behavior patterns are mostly learned rather than inherited. |
| evolutionary adaptation | An inherited trait (physical or behavioral) that has been shaped through natural selection. |
| functionalism (William James) | The theory that the mind evolved to help us adapt to the world around us, and that psychology should focus on those adaptive processes. |
| introspection | The attempt to accurately describe one’s conscious thoughts, emotions, and sensory experiences. |
| latent learning | Learning that occurs in the absence of any observable demonstration of learning and only becomes apparent under a different set of conditions. |
| law of contiguity | A law of association holding that events that occur in close proximity to each other in time or space are readily associated with each other. |
| law of contrast | A law of association holding that events that are opposite from each other are readily associated. |
| law of frequency | A law of association holding that the more frequently two items occur together, the more strongly they are associated. |
| law of parsimony | The assumption that simpler explanations for a phenomenon are preferable to more complex explanations. |
| law of similarity | A law of association holding that events that are similar to each other are readily associated. |
| learning | A relatively permanent change in behavior that results from some type of experience. |
| methodological behaviorism (Watson) | A brand of behaviorism asserting that, for methodological reasons, psychologists should study only those behaviors that can be directly observed. |
| mind–body dualism (Descartes) | The theory that some human behaviors are bodily reflexes automatically elicited by external stimulation, while other behaviors are freely chosen and controlled by the mind. |
| Morgan's canon | The idea that one should interpret animal behavior in terms of lower, more primitive processes (reflex, habit) than higher, mentalistic processes (reasoning). |
| nativism (nature perspective) | The assumption that a person’s characteristics are largely inborn. |
| natural selection | The evolutionary principle that organisms which are better able to adapt to environmental pressures are more likely to survive and reproduce than those that cannot adapt. |
| neobehaviorism (Hull) | A brand of behaviorism that utilizes intervening variables, in the form of hypothesized physiological processes, to help explain behavior. |
| radical behaviorism (Skinner) | A brand of behaviorism that emphasizes the influence of the environment on behavior, rejects internal events to explain behavior, and views thoughts and feelings as behaviors that need explanation. |
| reciprocal determinism (Bandura) | The theory that environmental events, observable behavior, and “person variables” (including internal events) reciprocally influence each other. |
| S-R theory | The theory that learning involves the establishment of a connection between a specific stimulus (S) and a specific response (R). |
| social learning theory (social-cognitive theory, Bandura) | A brand of behaviorism that strongly emphasizes the importance of observational learning and cognitive variables in explaining human behavior. |
| structuralism (Titchener) | A theory of psychology holding that it is possible to determine the structure of the mind by identifying the basic elements that compose it. |
| traits vary, many traits are heritable, organisms must compete for limited resources | components of natural selection (3) |
Created by:
Moody
Popular Psychology sets