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PATH Ch 5 ABD/GI
Pathology Chapter 5: Abdomen & GI System
| Pathology | Classifications |
|---|---|
| esophageal atresia (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: cell differentiation of the trachea and esophagus during fetal development |
| esophageal atresia (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: cyanosis, dysphagia, gagging Radiographic Appearance: -------- |
| esophageal atresia (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Ba swallow, inability to pass NG tube Treatment: Sx Prognosis: good w/ treatment |
| ileal atresia (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: cell differentiation of the ileum during fetal development |
| ileal atresia (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: inability to pass stomach contents, abdominal distention Radiographic Appearance: --------- |
| ileal atresia (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: sm bowel study Treatment: Sx Prognosis: good w/ treatment |
| duodenal atresia (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: failure of the duodenum to form during fetal development |
| duodenal atresia (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: vomiting, abdominal distention Radiographic Appearance: double bubble |
| duodenal atresia (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: fetal US, Ba studies Treatment: Sx Prognosis: good w/ treatment |
| colon atresia (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: incomplete colon, lack of anus (usually in the sigmoid) |
| colon atresia (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: obstruction Radiographic Appearance: ------- |
| colon atresia (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Ba studies Treatment: Sx Prognosis: good w/ treatment |
| imperforate anus /anal agenesis (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: malformed anal opening; fistula may form between the colon and the urethra in boys or between the colon and the vagina in girls |
| imperforate anus /anal agenesis (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: obstruction Radiographic Appearance: ---------- |
| imperforate anus /anal agenesis (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Ba studies Treatment: Sx Prognosis: good w/ treatment |
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (type/cause) | Congenital (more common in males) Caused by: narrowing of the pylorus |
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: vomiting, failure to gain weight Radiographic Appearance: ------- |
| hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Upper GI Study Treatment: Sx Prognosis: good w/ treatment |
| malrotation (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: intestines not in normal positions, pinched off |
| malrotation (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: vomiting, bowel obstruction Radiographic Appearance: ---------- |
| malrotation (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: sm bowel study Treatment: Sx Prognosis: GWT |
| situs inversus (type/cause) | Congenital Caused by: organs form on the wrong side of the body |
| situs inversus (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: none Radiographic Appearance: ------ |
| situs inversus (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: accidental finding Treatment: none Prognosis: ------- |
| Hirschsprung disease (type/cause) | Congenital (affects more men) Caused by: absence of neurons in the sigmoid wall |
| Hirschsprung disease (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: distended abdomen, severe constipation, fecal impactions Radiographic Appearance: --------- |
| Hirschsprung disease (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: BE Treatment: Sx Prognosis: GWT |
| Meckel diverticulum (type/cause/+-) | Congenital Caused by: malformation between the ileum and the umbilicus; diverticulum in the distal ileum |
| Meckel diverticulum (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: vomiting, cramping, bowel obstruction Radiographic Appearance: ------ |
| Meckel diverticulum (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: NM (difficult to see radiographically) Treatment: Sx Prognosis: GWT |
| gluten-sensitive enteropathy (type/cause) | Congenital (Hereditary) Caused by: autoimmune disorder |
| gluten-sensitive enteropathy (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: diarrhea, weight loss, abdominal distention Radiographic Appearance: mucosal changes |
| gluten-sensitive enteropathy (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: clinical, Sm bowel study Treatment: no gluten diet Prognosis: ---------- |
| esophageal strictures (type/cause) | Inflammatory Caused by: narrowing of the esophagus (ingestion of harmful household materials i.e. cleaners) |
| esophageal strictures (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: edema (swelling), perforation Radiographic Appearance: ------- |
| esophageal strictures (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: endoscopy, Ba swallow, esophagram Treatment: dilation Prognosis: GWT |
| reflux esophagitis (type/cause) | Inflammatory Caused by: gastroesophageal reflux (GERD), malfunction of the cardiac sphincter |
| reflux esophagitis (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: heart burn, chest pain, bad breath Radiographic Appearance: -------- |
| reflux esophagitis (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: pH monitoring, Ba swallow, UGI study Treatment: antacids, elevate head while sleeping Prognosis: GWT |
| peptic ulcer (type/cause) | Inflammatory gastric (lesser curve) and duodenum (duodenal bulb) Caused by: erosion of the mucosal lining, NSAIDS, H. pylori |
| peptic ulcer (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: gastric: epigastric & abdominal pain duodenum: pain in the mid-morning that goes away after eating (returns in 2-3 hrs) Radiographic Appearance: --------- |
| peptic ulcer (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: UGI endoscopy Treatment: drug therapy, acid blockers (omeprazole) Prognosis: GWT |
| gastroenteritis (type/cause) | Inflammatory Caused by: inflammation of the stomach & sm bowel due to: alcohol, NSAIDS, food allergies, viruses, etc |
| gastroenteritis (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, fever Radiographic Appearance: -------- |
| gastroenteritis (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: clinical Treatment: treat symptoms Prognosis: -------- |
| regional enteritis aka Crohn's disease (type/cause) | Inflammatory Caused by: unknown etiology; usually in the lower ileum |
| regional enteritis aka Crohn's disease (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: diarrhea, bloody stools, fatigue Radiographic Appearance: string sign |
| regional enteritis aka Crohn's disease (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: CT, Sm bowel study Treatment: medication, Sx Prognosis: GWT |
| appendicitis (type/cause) | Inflammatory Caused by: inflammation of the appendix |
| appendicitis (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: fever, severe RLQ pain Radiographic Appearance: ------- |
| appendicitis (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: CT Treatment: appendectomy Prognosis: GWT |
| ulcerative colitis (type/cause/+-) | Inflammatory Caused by: |
| ulcerative colitis (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| ulcerative colitis (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| abnormally dilated veins in the esophagus (type/cause/+-) | Esophageal Varices Caused by: |
| abnormally dilated veins in the esophagus (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| abnormally dilated veins in the esophagus (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| herniation (type/cause/+-) | Degenerative Caused by: |
| herniation (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| herniation (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| hiatal hernia (type/cause/+-) | Degenerative Caused by: |
| hiatal hernia (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| hiatal hernia (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| mechanical (type/cause/+-) | Bowel Obstruction Caused by: |
| mechanical (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| mechanical (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| intestinal obstructions (type/cause/+-) | Bowel Obstruction Caused by: |
| intestinal obstructions (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| intestinal obstructions (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| paralytic (type/cause/+-) | Bowel Obstruction Caused by: |
| paralytic (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| paralytic (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| achalasia (type/cause/+-) | Neurogenic Caused by: |
| achalasia (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| achalasia (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| Zenckers diverticulum (type/cause/+-) | Diverticular Caused by: |
| Zenckers diverticulum (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| Zenckers diverticulum (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| colonic diverticula (type/cause/+-) | Diverticular Caused by: |
| colonic diverticula (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| colonic diverticula (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| cancer of the esophagus (type/cause/+-) | Neoplastic 1.7% of cancers in the GI system; mostly in the lower third of the esophagus Caused by: |
| cancer of the esophagus (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| cancer of the esophagus (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| stomach cancer (type/cause/+-) | Neoplastic 95% are malignant adenocarcinoma; develop in the pyloric and lesser curve Caused by: |
| stomach cancer (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| stomach cancer (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| small bowel neoplasm (type/cause/+-) | Neoplastic very rare less than 5%; most occur in the duodenum and the jejunum Caused by: |
| small bowel neoplasm (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| small bowel neoplasm (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| colonic polyps (type/cause/+-) | Neoplastic tissue that protrudes into the lumen; considered precancerous; close observation Caused by: |
| colonic polyps (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| colonic polyps (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
| colon cancer (type/cause/+-) | Neoplastic 3rd most common tumor in the US; 1:20 will develop; family hx; most occur in the rectal sigmoid area; very treatable Caused by: |
| colon cancer (s/s, ra) | Signs/Symptoms: Radiographic Appearance: |
| colon cancer (dx, tx, px) | Diagnosis: Treatment: Prognosis: |
Created by:
Cralie
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