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EOG prep
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Inference | means to come to a reasonable conclusion based on evidence found in the text. By contrast, an explicit idea or message is fully stated or revealed by the writer. The author tells the reader exactly what they need to know. (RL1) |
| Theme | is the lesson or message. For example, a story could be about two friends who like to do things together, and the theme might be the importance of friendship. (RL2) |
| Plot | The series of events that form a story in a specific order. (RL3) |
| Resolution | In most stories there is a conflict or problem. The ________ is the solution to the problem or the end of the main dramatic conflict. (RL3) |
| Allusion | An indirect reference to something. When a writer refers to something without mentioning it explicitly |
| Personification | When a writer describes an object as if it were a person. For example, The trees sighed in the afternoon breeze. The trees cannot really sigh but seemed to as they blew gently in the breeze. (L5a) |
| Simile | A comparison using like or as. For example, She is as pretty as a picture. (L5a) |
| Metaphor | A direct comparison that states one thing is another. It isn’t meant to be literal, but descriptive. For example, He is an animal on the soccer field does not mean that the boy is really an animal |
| Alliteration | The use of the same sound to start several words in a row. For example, The beautiful butterfly blew by the bay. Literary devices such as alliteration can have a big impact on poems, stories, and dramas. (RL4) |
| Point of view | The perspective from which a story is told. The __________ could be first person (I went to the store), second person (You went to the store), or third person (He went to the store). |
| Compare vs. contrast | Though similar ___________ is analyzing two things such as characters or stories in relation to each other, while ___________ is specifically analyzing the differences between two things, such as two different characters or stories.(RL7/RL9) |
| Genre | is a category of passages, such as fiction and nonfiction. Each genre has a particular style, form, and content. (RL9) |
| Summary | is an overview of a text that captures the main points but does not give all of the details and does not include opinions. |
| Interactions | How ideas influence individuals or events or how individuals influence ideas or events. As one analyzes the interactions in a text, they give insight into the meaning. |
| Connotative meaning | A meaning beyond the explicit meaning of a word. For example, the word childlike connotes innocence as well. Connotations are meanings inferred from certain words. (RI4) |
| Denotative meaning: | The explicit meaning of a word. For example, helpful has only one meaning and connotation, which is to be of service or assistance. (RI4) |
| Organization | The way in which a piece of writing is structured. Each sentence, paragraph, or chapter fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of ideas. (RI5) |
| Author’s purpose | The author’s intention for his or her piece. All passages have a purpose, whether it is to persuade, inform, explain, or entertain. (RI6) |
| Author’s point of view: | The opinion of the author. Your opinion may differ from the opinion of the author writing a passage. (RI6) |
| Evidence | Something that proves or demonstrates the truth of something else. Informational texts may contain evidence to prove that the information they are providing is correct. (RI8) |
| Fact and opinion | A ______ is a statement that can be proven. An ________ is a statement that cannot be proven because it states a writer’s belief or judgment about something. |
| Chronological order | The order in which a series of events happened. A text that is arranged in order of time from the beginning to the end is in chronological order. (RI5) |
| Cause and effect | This is a relationship where one thing causes another thing to happen. A passage may also be organized by stating the problem and solution as well. (RI3) |
| Informational/explanatory texts | A form of writing that informs the reader or explains something |
| Introduction | The beginning of a piece of writing. It should let readers know what they will be reading about and set up the main idea of the writing. |
| Organization | The way in which a piece of writing is structured. Similar ideas and illustrations should be grouped together, and the order of the information should make sense. |
| Transition | A word, phrase, or clause that links one idea to the next. Writing should not jump from one idea to the next without transitions that guide the reader to the next idea. Examples include words such as another, for example, also, and because. |
| Conclusion | The end of a piece of writing is the conclusion. The conclusion should sum up the main idea of the writing and provide an overall message for the reader. |
| Formatting | The way in which a piece of writing is organized. For example, a writer can use headings and subheadings to organize the writing and present the information in a clear way. |
| Multimedia | A variety of mediums. Writing does not only include pen on paper or a typed essay. Other ways of enhancing writing can include mediums such as art, presentations, photographs, charts, videos, and more. |
| Writing Process | Most informational or technical pieces require hard work and revision before they can be considered ready. The steps in the writingprocess are prewriting, drafting, revising and editing, proofreading, and publishing |
| Claims | Ideas and opinions set forth by the author. For example, a writer could make the claim that the school cafeteria food is too expensive. In a well-developed argumentative essay, the writer should also recognize alternate or opposing claims. |
| Evidence | The reasons given to support a writer’s claims. For example, a writer could include information on the price of school lunch or the number of students who do not want to buy it as reasons to support the claim that the school cafeteria is too expensive. |
| Relationships | The ways in which ideas are connected. Writing should use words, phrases, and clauses to clarify the relationships among claims and reasons. |
| Purpose | The writer’s intention for his or her piece. All writing has a purpose, whether it is to persuade, inform, explain, or entertain. |
| Audience | The people who will be reading the piece of writing. Writers should keep their audience in mind and adjust their ideas and vocabulary so that they can be best understood. |
| Organization | In writing, the organization helps explain ideas and information more clearly. Writers use transitions to organize information. Also, an entire piece of writing has an organizational structure to it. |
| Revision | The process of editing and rewriting a piece of writing. All good writing requires a lot of revision in order to catch mistakes and clarify ideas. |
| Subjunctive Verb: | A subjunctive verb that shows something that is contrary to fact. An example is I wish we would have had dinner earlier. |
| Context | Words and phrases that surround another phrase and help to explain its meaning. Sometimes a word cannot be understood without the context of other words and phrases. |
| Root | The foundation of a word. Knowing the meaning of the root can help a reader determine the meaning of its variations. |
| Verbal Irony | An expression a person uses that means the opposite of what is said. |
| Dramatic Irony | An event or other literary element of which the reader is aware but that is unknown to the characters. |
| Situational Irony | An instance in which characters’ actions have the opposite effect of what is planned. |
| Pun | A word or phrase with more than one meaning that is used in a funny way. Here is an example from a fable about fish talking: The first fish tells the second fish that he can just drop him a line when he is ready to talk. |
| Denotation | the exact definition of a word |
| Connotation | is an implied meaning—it is the meaning the writer intends, which may not be the same thing as the literal or dictionary meaning of a word |
| Punctuation | Writing marks that help to separate and clarify ideas. Examples of ______________ are the period, comma, colon, dash, ellipsis, exclamation mark, and question mark. |
| Participle | verb form that functions as an adjective within the sentence. They typically end in -ing and past participles typically end in -ed. |
| Gerund | is a present participle that is used as a noun. It can be the subject of a verb, the object of a verb, a predicate nominative or complement, or the object of a preposition. |
| Infinitive | is a phrase that consists normally of the word “to” followed by a verb. The phrase can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb within the sentence. Examples are to swim, to learn, and to look |
| Active Voice | A sentence uses ___________ when the subject of the sentence performs the action expressed in the verb. This is a preferred construction for most writing to present ideas clearly and to avoid unnecessary wordiness. |
| Passive Voice | A sentence uses _____________ when the subject of the sentence receives the action. An example of active voice is The fish was caught by the boy. |
| Indicative Verb | is used to simply state a fact or opinion |
| Imperative Verb | is used to command or tell someone to take action. It is understood that you are the direct object of the imperative verb. Examples are eat, sit, and be |
| Interrogative Verb | used when the author or speaker is asking a question. |
| Conditional Verb | used when a situation is dependent on a particular condition. An example is I would love to see you if you have some time available today. |
Created by:
srichardson3819
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