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HACC GI Anatomy II
Gastointestinal Review for Test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Control for Stomach that "Turns System On" and is tied to Nervous System | Cephalic Control |
| 2 Nerves that Control Cephalic System and are largest nerves in body | Vagus |
| Control for Stomach that "brakes/accelorates" the digestion and is found in the wall of compartments. | enteroendocrine cell (stimulated by nervous system) |
| hormone type found all over body but mostly in antrum of stomach | gastrin |
| protein influx in stomach increases acidity which then increases alkalinity in urine. Process called | postprandial alkaline tide |
| some intestinal areas are twisted wrong. Usually no issue unless obstruction | Volvulus |
| wall collapse in ileum(usually) Auerbachs plexis absent | pathological intusussception |
| insussception inhibition can cause obstruction when | auerbach's plexus is lacking on entire circumference |
| Loss of auerbachs plexis in colon leads to | hirschsprings megacolon |
| happens slowly over time, grows up to 250 pounds, can enlarge liver | Hirschsprings Megacolon |
| new medication for stomach ulcers focuses on coupling transport of CL- and H+ and is called | PPI (proton pump inhibitor) |
| Pyloric Sphincter has a great exaggeration of | muscularis externa |
| loss of parietal cells to point of death | pernocious anemia |
| CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> HO3 + [H+] Enzyme that activates this | carbonic anhydrase (CA) |
| H2CO3 is called | Carbonic Acid |
| H2O -> OH- + [H+] is activated by enzyme substitute | ATP |
| parietal cells make a life sustaining glycoprotein called (binds to b12 and gets absorbed in ileum. used to make RBCs) | intrinsic factor |
| neonatal egg yolk sac | vitello |
| abnormal remains of the vitello which can become inflammed (feels like appendicitis) | Meckel's Diverticulum |
| Lymph capillaries within villi are called | lacteals |
| triglycerides get into lacteals by being greased with a coat of | Lipoproteins |
| Greased triglycerides are called | Chylomicron |
| Lymph drains into | Left Subclavian vein |
| Fatty Acids that are smaller than 12 carbons | intususscept into blood stream |
| Myenteric | Auerbach's Plexis |
| Fatty Acids larger than 12 carbons, and ALL monoglycerols are | rebonded into intravellular triglycerides |
| gastrin is activated by vagul nerve and accelerated by | proteins. Distention has small part as well |
| When triglycerides are rebonded together within the cell, the process is called | reesterification |
| eponym for parietal cell | oxyntic cell |
| Makes proenzyme when stimulated | cheif cell |
| another epoymn for cheif cell | zyogenic cell |
| another eponym for cheif cell besides zyogenic cell | peptic cell |
| blanket of bile salts called... (forces MG & FAs to diffuse into epithelial cells but never bile salts with them) | micell |
| 80% of all peptic ulcer disease which interferes with tight junctions. 50% people have it but it does't always cause PUD | H. Pylori |
| 3 components of GMB | alkaline mucus, epithelia cells, tight junctions |
| ulcers are medically called | PUD peptic ulcer disease |
| Ulcers are caused by compromising: | GMB Gastric Mucosa Barrier |
| epoymn of pancreatic duct | duct of wirsung |
| hepatopancreatic duct | ampulla of vater |
| duodenal papilla | sphincter of oddi |
| Once MGs and FAs are pushed into cells by bile salts, they are called | Intracellular Monoglycerols and Fatty Acids |
| Carbs and Proteins are diffused into bloodstream by being bound to a | Co-transporter |
| mixed together in duodenum mucosa are glands.. | secretin & cholecystokinin- pancreazymin |
| The co-transporter used for Carbs and Proteins | Sodium (needs active transport to return to other side) |
| Triglycerides are large molecules that get blanketed with | bile salts |
| Secretin is stimulated by | Acid [H+] |
| The submandibular pappilla is called | sublingual caruncles |
| 3 types of disaccharides | sucrose- f&g, maltose- g&g, lactose- g & galac. |
| basic structure of triglycerides | monoglycerides |
| 3 areas of mucosa | lamina propria, epithelium, muscular mucosa |
| secretin's function | stimulates pancreas to make alkaline juice |
| Pancreas + CCK = | enzyme juice |
| Pancreas + Secretin= | Alkaline juice |
| When secretin level goes up... | oxyentic level goes down |
| control for secretin | feedback stimulation- as H+ goes down so does secretin |
| produces collective affect to control intestinal glands | enterocrinin |
| acid reflux disease called | GERD gastro esophogeal reflux disease |
| 5 enzymes in pancreatic enzyme juice | trypinogen, chymotrypsinogen, procarboxypolypeptidase, pancreatic amylase, pancreatic lipase |
| when bolus approaches esophagus end, it will reflexively open and close in process called | receptive relaxation |
| secretes into duodenum from pancreas | trypsinogen |
| when trypsinogen secretes into duodenum, it is activated by | enterokinase (which has no other function) |
| When trypsinogen is activated by enterokinase it turns into | trypsin |
| when enzymes are present in blood due to self digestion | serum amylase |
| epoymn for myenteric | Auerbach's plexis |
| enzyme used for lipid digestions. It works best after the bile break the lipids down and makes MGs and FAs | pancreatic lipase |
| the process where bile is broken down by bile salts | emulsification |
| salivary amylase to pancreatic amylase to succus entericus | carbs |
| difficulty with diglutition in general (sore throat to stroke) | dysphagia |
| diffulty moving blus through esophagus specifically. "failure to relax" | achalasia |
| lower end of esophagus is narrower due to (to avoid acid reflux) | Auerbach's plexis |
| narrower area of lower esophagus is called | LGJ lower gastrointestinal juncture |
| A rare disease that causes a tumor of gastrin secreting cells. High acidity right before eating but Ph2 trigger turns off acidic production. | Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome (ZE) Type 1 |
| pepsin to trypsin which breaks to dipeptise, then to eripsin with breaks into AA's | Proteins |
| A gastrinoma located in pancreas where PH 2 inhibitor is not detected and acid is produced unchecked. Can be fatal without surgery. | Zollinger- Ellison Syndrome type 2 |
| pancreatic lipase changes to MGs and FAs | Triglycerides |
| hormone found in duodenum mucosa. Stimulates gall bladder to contract and opens sphincter of oddi. Mechanical digestion only. Also stimulates pancreas to make enzyme juice | Cholecystokinin-Pancreazymin (CCK) |
| Cholecystokinin-Pancreazymin is stimulated by | vasul nerve, amino acids (COOH), and fatty acids |
| 2 enzymes that can only be activated by trypsin | chymotrypsinogen, and procarboxypolypeptidase |
| as Cholecystokinin-Pancreazymin levels go up... | Gastrin and peristalsis goes down. This allows emptying process to be slowed down. |
| the control for Cholecystokinin-Pancreazymin CCK is | feedback stimulation as amino accids and fatty acids go away, the hormone slows down. |
| Enterocrinin is stimulated by | [H+] |
| Enterocrinin action is to | stimulate intestinal glands and crypt cells along with epithelial cells |
| Stimulation of intestinal cells as a result of enterocrinin produces | Succus Entericus (SE) |
| "Juice of Intestines" | Succus Entericus |
| Succus Entericus is used for | Protein, Carboxal, and Nucleic Acid digestion |
| Succus Entericus is made up of | sucrase, lactase, maltase, erepsin, nuclease |
| erepsin enzyme is used for | aka amino peptidase. For breakdown of protein |
| inflammation of pancreas that is mainly caused be alcohol erroding sphincter of oddi | pancreatitis |
| glucose molecules are absobed in process called | intusussception |
| when chymotrypsinogen and procarboxypolypeptidase are activated by trypsin, they become | chymotrypsin and carboxypolypeptidase (c-ase) |
| lymphoidal ring eponym | waldeyer's |
| inactive and can only be activated by trypsin | chymotrypsinogen |
Created by:
shaffce
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