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Chapter 8
Communication Disorders
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Communication Disorders | an impairment in the ability to receive, send, process, and comprehend concepts or verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol systems; may be evident in the processes of hearing, language, and/or speech |
| Communication | the interactive exchange of information, ideas, feelings, needs, and desires |
| The Three Elements of Communication | 1) the message 2) a sender 3) a receiver |
| Narrating | children need to be able to tell a story (a sequence of events connected in an orderly, clear, and interesting manner); this is called... |
| Explaining and Informing | children need to be able to interpret the explanations of others in speech and writing and to put what they understand into words so that their listeners or readers can understand them; this is called... |
| Expressing | children need to be able to express their personal feelings and opinions and the respond to the feelings of others |
| Language | formalized code used by a group of people to communicate with one another; grow and develop as tools for communication as the cultures and communities of which they are part change |
| Phonology | refers to the linguistic rules governing a language's sound system |
| Phoneme | a speech sound that differentiates word meanings |
| Morphology | refers to a language's basic units of meaning and how those units are combined into words |
| Morphemes | the smallest elements of language that carry meaning (can be sounds, syllables, or whole words) |
| Syntax | the system of rules governing the meaningful arrangement of words |
| Semantics | concerns the meaning of words and combinations of words |
| Pragmatics | governs the social use of language |
| The Three Kinds of Pragmatic Skills | 1) using language for different purposes 2) changing language according to the needs of a listener 3) following rules for conversations and storytelling |
| Dialects | the word used to describe the variety of forms of langauge |
| Speech | the oral production of language (but not the only way to express language) |
| Speech Impairment | when one's speech deviates far from the speech of others so that it calls attention to itself, interferes with communication, or provokes distress in the speaker and/or listener, he/she may have a... |
| Articulation Disorders | errors in the production of speech sounds |
| Fluency Disorders | difficulties with the flow or rhythm of speech |
| Voice Disorders | problems with the quality or use of one's voice |
| Language Disorder | impaired comprehension and/or use of spoken, written, and/or other symbol systems |
| Receptive Language Disorder | A child struggling to learn the days of the week in the proper order or following a sequence of commands may have a(n)... |
| Expressive Language Disorder | A child with a limited vocabulary , says sounds or words in the wrong order, and uses tenses and plurals incorrectly may have a(n)... |
| Speech Distortions | when a speech sound is distorted and sounds more like the intended phoneme than another speech sound but is wrong (i.e. "thleep" for "sleep") |
| Speech Substitutions | when one substitutes one sound for another (i.e. "train" instead of "crane") |
| Speech Omissions | when one omits certain sounds from a word (i.e. "cool" for "school) |
| Speech Additions | when one adds extra sounds to a word and makes comprehension difficult (i.e. "hamber" for "hammer") |
| Articulation Disorder | when one is not able to produce a given sound physically because that sound is not in his/her repertoire |
| Phonological Disorder | when one has the ability to produce a given sound but does so inconsistently |
| Stuttering | a condition marked by rapid-fire repetitions of consonant or vowel sounds |
| Cluttering | a condition characterized by excessive speech rate, repetitions, extra sounds, mispronounced sounds, and poor or absent use of pauses |
| Phonation Disorder | causes the voice to sound breathy, hoarse, husky, or strained most of the time |
| Dysphonia | describes any condition of poor/unpleasant voice quality |
| Resonance Disorder | characterized by either too many sounds coming out through the air passages of the nose, or not enough resonance of the nasal passage |
| Receptive Language Disorder | interferes with the understanding of language |
| Expressive Language Disorder | interferes with the production of language |
| Dysarthria | the collective name for a group of speech disorders caused by neuromuscular impairments |
| Aphasia | describes a loss of the ability to use and process language |
Created by:
jandrainm
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