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Psych Test 4 (final)
Psychotherapy pg. 705-715 (Lecture 48, Cole)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 2 of the 4 cultural barriers to psychological treatment. | 1.Cultural norms against turning to professionals outside one's own culture for help 2.Language barriers 3.Restricted access to treatment situationally & affordably 4.Too few skilled counsellors who can provide culturally responsive forms of treatment |
| Cultural congruence | Treatment that is consistent with cultural beliefs and expectations |
| Cultural competence | A set of therpeutic skills (including scientific mindedness), the ability to consider both cultural and individual factors, and the capacity to introduce culture-specific elements into therapy with people from minority cultures. |
| Specificity question | The ultimate question of psychotherapy research: "Which types of therapy, administered y which kinds of therapists to which kinds of clients having which kinds of problems produce which kinds of effects?" |
| What are the 5 sources of data used to assess the outcome of psychotherapy and which 3 measures do they focus on in relation to the client's functioning? | Sources of data: 1) therapist's ratings 2) client's self-reports 3) ratings of client by acquaintances 4) client's self-monitoring of behaviour 5) Behavioural observations Focus of measures: 1) thoughts 2 )emotions 3) behaviours |
| Spontaneous remission | Improvements in symptoms in the absence of any therapy. |
| What did Eysenck conclude about psychotherapy? | The rate of spontaneous remission is as high as the success rates reported by psychotherapists; troubled people who receive psychotherapy are no more likely to improve than are those who go untreated. |
| Randomized clinical trials (RCT) | A research design that involves the random assignment of clients having specific problems to an experimental (therapy) group or to a control condition so as to draw sound causal conclusions about the therapy's efficacy. |
| Placebo control group | A control group that receives an intervention that is assumed to have no therapeutic value. |
| What are the 5 phases in conducting a randomized clinical trial (in order)? | 1. Preparation 2. Participant screening 3. Treatment 4. Outcome assessment 5. Follow-up |
| Explain the 5 procedural steps of the preparation phase in conducting a RCT. | 1. Define disorder to be treated 2. Train diagnosticians to do structured interview 3. Develop treatment manual to standardize treatment 4. Train therapists to administer treatment 5. Select measures used to assess outcomes |
| Explain the 2 procedural steps of the participant screening phase in conducting a RCT. | 1. Choose participants diagnosed as meeting criteria (ex: unipolar depression, no other disorder) 2. Administer outcome measures (assess reliability of diagnoses) |
| Explain the 2 groups of the treatment phase in conducting a RCT. | 1. Treatment condition (experimental group that gets the treatment) 2. Control condition (no-treatment group or a placebo control group) |
| Explain the 2 procedural steps of the outcome assessment phase in conducting a RCT. | 1. Readminister outcome measures 2. Assess clients' attitudes toward treatment, quality of relationship (statistical analyses of treatment/control group differences) |
| Explain the 2 procedural steps of the follow-up phase in conducting a RCT. | 1. Readminister outcome measures 2. Collect relapse data (statistical analyses of treatment/control group differences) |
| Meta-analysis | A statistical procedure for combining the results of different studies that examine the same topic. |
| Effect size statistic | Common measure of treatment effectiveness. |
| Dodo bird verdict | The finding of similar efficacy for widely differing therapies. |
| Clinical significance | A defnition of therpeutic success in which, at the end of therapy, an individual getting treatment for a particular disorder falls within the range of people not experiencing that particular disorder rather than simply experiencing the disorder less often |
| What are the 3 sets of factors influence treatment outcome? | 1. Client variables 2. Therapist variables 3. Techniques |
| What are the 3 important factors of client variables (that influence treatment outcome)? | 1. Openness to therapy 2. Self-relatedness 3. Nature of the problem and its degree of "fit" with the therapy being used |
| Openness | A willingness to invest oneself in the process of therapy that predicts favourable therapeutic outcomes. |
| Self-relatedness | The ability to be flexible to change, to listen carefully to the therapist, and to use constructively what is learned in therapy. |
| What are the 3 important factors of therapist variables (that influence treatment outcome)? | Therapist qualities: 1. empathy 2. genuineness 3. unconditional acceptance of the client as a person |
| Dose-response effect | The relation between the amount of treatment received and the quality of the outcome. |
| Common factors | Therapeutic elements that are possessed by virtually any type therapy and may contribute to the similar positive effects shown by many different treatment approaches. |
| What are the 3 most common factors to many therapies that contribute to therapeutic outcome? | 1. Faith in the therapist 2. A protected environment for self-exploration 3. The ability to try out new behaviours |
Created by:
jarnol33
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