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IGHS Winkels

Physical Science Chapter 14

TermDefinition
Work the product of force and distance Work=force x distance
Joule is the SI unit of work
Power the rate of doing work Power = Work/Time
Watt the SI unit of power which is equal to one joule per second
Horsepower one hp is equal to about 746 watts
Machine is a device that changes a force
Input force the force exerted on a machine
Input distance the distance the input force acts acts through
Work input the work done by the input force acting through the input distance
Output force the force that is exerted by a machine
Output distance the distance the output force is exerted through
Work output of a machine is the output force multiplied by the output distance
Mechanical Advantage of a machine is the number of times that the machine increases an input force
Actual Mechanical Advantage AMA=Output force/Input force
Ideal Mechanical Advantage the mechanical advantage in the absence of friction IMA=Input distance/Output distance
Efficiency the percentage of the work input that becomes work output E=Work output/Work input x 100%
Lever a rigid bar that is free to move around a fixed point
Wheel and axle simple machine that consists of two disks or cylinders, each one with a different radius
Inclined plane a slanted surface along which a force moves an object to a different elevation
Wedge V-shaped object whose sides are two inclined planes sloped toward each other
Screw an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder
Pulley a simple machine that consists of a rope that fits into a groove in a wheel
Compound machine a combination of two or more simple machines that operate together
Fulcrum the fixed point the bar rotates around (lever)
Input arm (of a lever) the distance between the input force and the fulcrum
Output arm (of a lever) the distance between the output force and the fulcrum
Created by: Winkels
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