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PSY021 Test 1
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What are the 6 levels of science? | 1. Methodology 2. Data 3. Concepts 4. Relationships 5. Explanations 6. Theories |
What is the stance of nature in psychology? | states who you are, have, and will be is based on heredity. |
What is the stance of nurture in psychology? | states who you are, have, and will be is based on personal experience. |
What is the stance of interactionalist in psychology? | our development is based on both heredity and learning. |
List the 3 definitions of psychology | 1. structuralist & functionalist : psychology is the scientific study of the mind. 2. behaviorism: psychology is the scientific study of only behavior. 3. standard definition: psychology is the scientific study of the behavior and mental processes. |
What are explicit and implicit behaviors? | 1. explicit: can be seen. 2. implicit: cannot be seen. |
What are the four mental processes? | 1. affect: emotions 2. motivation: wants, desires, and needs. 3. conative: control muscular behavior 4. cognitive: information (how we get it, use it, and manipulate it.), and understanding (linguistic meaning and grasping relationships) |
What are the four definitions of cognition? | 1. human and animal use of information. 2. thinking, understanding, and meaning. 3. involved with human knowledge. 4. cognition is indicated by subjects that are studied by cognitive psychologist. |
What are the subjects that are studied by cognitive psychologist? | sensation, perception, pattern recognition, concept formation, learning (classical conditioning, operant conditioning, observational learning), insight learning, problem solving, language, neuropsychology, artificial intelligence, consciousness. |
What is metacognition? | Peoples individual thoughts and judgements of their own mental processes. |
What is the structuralist definition of psychology? | psychology is the scientific study of the mind. the mind is consciousness. |
What are the categories studied by structuralists? | 1. sensation 2. perception 3. remembering 4. thinking 5. desires 6. emotions |
What are the laws of association? | 1. Sensations that are the same quality 2. Sensations that are similar 3. Sensations that are near each other in space 4. Sensations that are near each other in time 5. frequency (seen more) |
What is the imageless thought controversy? | there are thoughts which have no image. introduced the subconscious and eliminated structuralism. |
What were the 3 difference between structuralism and functionalism? | 1. it is incorrect to break down consciousness. 2. psychology should study how consciousness functions. 3. psychology should take into account the theory of evolution. |
When was the theory of evolution formulated? | 1860. |
What is the theory of evolution? | Within a species there is a variation. The environment puts pressure on the species and overtime the weak traits die out. It is natural selection. The environment causes selection but in some instances the species can cause an issue (ex: overpopulation) |
Define "survival of the fittest" | the trait which is more strongly suited for the environment is continuously passed on to the next generation. 'fittest' depends on the environment at the particular time. it is not fixed. |
Define a phenotype | an expressed characteristic. |
define a genotype | a inherited characteristic. |
define dominant | stronger trait. is expressed first. |
define recessive | weaker trait. is not expressed first. |
Where are inherited characteristics found? | the nucleus |
Define mitosis | the process in which a single cell divides to create new cells. |
Define the shape of DNA | Double Helix. |
Define the bases | A,C,G.T |
What is a codon? | a 3 step combination which is the code for a particular amino acid |
How many amino acids do we have in our bodies? | 22. |
What do amino acids make? | proteins. |