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Pharmacodynamics-DPA

Duke PA pharmacodynamics

QuestionAnswer
What is EC? Effective concentration - potency.
What is EC50? 50
What is efficacy? Maximal effect of drug - ceiling effect
What is ADR? harm caused by drug @ normal dose w/ normal use
What is ADE? Injury resulting from use of drug
What is the criteria for true ADR? 1. Reasonable temporal sequence 2. Known response pattern 3. Improvement on dechallenge 4. Reappearance on rechallenge
Definte cause-effect in ADR meets criteria 1-4
Probable cause - effect in ADR meets criteria 1,2,3
Possible cause - effect in ADR 1,2
Conditional cause - effect in ADR 1
Doubtful cause - effect in ADR does not meet any criteria
What are the four types of drug allergies? 1. Immediate or Anaphylactic 2. Cytotoxic 3. Immune complex 4. Delayed-hypersensitivity
What antibodies mediate type 1 allergy? IgE
What antibodies mediate type 2 allergy? IgG and IgM - target cells in circulatory system
What antibodies mediate type 3 allergies? IgG - destructive inflammatory response
What type of cells are activated in type 4 allergy? Memory T-cells - active & produce inflammatory response
Additive 1+1 = 2
Syngergistic 1+1=3
Potentiation 0+1=2
Antagonism 1+1=0
What 3 factors is pediatric dosing based on? age, weight or surface area
Body water in peds vs. adults increased body water
body fat in peds vs. adults decreased body fat
What happens to Vd in neonates for water soluble drugs? Increased Vd
What happens to Vd in neonates for lipid soluble drugs? decreased Vd
Drug biotransformation in neonates Decreased for most drugs
Drug biotransformation ages 1-5 increases (can exceed adults)
Drug biotransformation after puberty declines to adult values
At what age are Phase I reactions mature? 6 months
At what age are Phase II reactions mature? a few years
Neonatal kidney function immature - increased t1/2 of various drugs
gastric pH in elderly? increased
acid secretory capacity in elderly? decreased
GI blood flow in elderly? decreased
Total body water in elderly? decreased
Total body fat in elderly? increased
Lean mass in elderly? decreased
Vd in elderly for water soluble drugs? decreased
Vd in elderly for lipid soluble drugs? increased
Serum albumin in elderly? decreased 15-20
Hepatic function inelderly? declines
Phase 1 in elderly? decreased
Phase II in elderly? little change
Renal function in elderly? declines starting @ age 30
What is Beers' criteria? criteria for determining potentially inappropriate medication use in adults 65 years and older
GI motility in pregnancy? reduced
gastric pH in pregnancy? increased
maternal plasma volume in preg.? increases 40-50
plasma albumin in pregnancy? decreased
renal blood flow & GFR in pregnancy? increased
What is a teratogen? agent that can cause malformations of an embryo or fetus
What is pregnancy category A? well controlled studies - no fetal risks
What is preg. Category B? animal studies - no risk, no trials in women
What is preg. Category C? animal stuides adverse fetal effects, no trials in women
What is preg. Category D? Some fetal risk, benefits may outweigh risk, warn patient.
What is preg. Category X? fetal abnormalities - extreme risk, no benefit worth risk
Created by: ges13
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