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HSP Key Terms 1
| Action | Motor activities such as moving the head or eyes and locomotion through the environment. Action is one of the major outcomes of the perceptual process. |
| Agnosia | the inability to recognize objects |
| Attended stimulus | the stimulus that is being attended by a person at a given point in time. |
| Bottom-up processing (data-based processing) | processing in which a person constructs a perception by analyzing the info falling on the receptors |
| Classical psychophysical methods | the methods of limits, adjustment, and constant stimuli, described by Fechner that are used for measuring thresholds |
| Cognitive influences on perception | how the knowledge, memories, and expectations that a person brings to a situation influence his or her perception. |
| Difference threshold | The minimal detectable difference between two stimuli |
| Environmental stimulus | all of the things in our environment that we can potentially perceive at a given point in time |
| Knowledge | any information that the perceiver brings to a situation |
| Level of analysis | the idea that we can observer processes at different scales. Perception can be studied at the psychophysical and physiological levels |
| Magnitude estimation | a psychophysical method in which the subject assigns numbers to a stimulus that are proportional to the subjective magnitude to the stimulus |
| Method of adjustment | a psychophysical method in which the experimenter or observer adjusts the stimulus intensity in a continuious manner until observer detects the stimulus |
| Method of constant stimuli | a psychophysical method in which a number of stimuli with different intensities are presented repeatedly in a random order |
| Method of limits | a psychophysical method for measuring threshold in which the experimenter presents stimuli in alternating ascending and descending order |
| Neural processing | operations that transform electrical signals within a network of neurons or that transform the response of individual neruons |
| Perception | conscious sensory experience |
| Perceptual process | a sequence of steps leading from the environment to perception of a stimulus, recognition of the stimulus, and action with regard to the stimulus |
| Phenomenological method | method of determining the relationship between stimuli and perception in which the observer descrigbes what he or she percieves |
| Physiological level of analysis | analyzing perception by determining how a person's perception is related to physiological process that are occuring within the person |
| Power function | a mathermatical function of the form P=KSn where P is perceived mag, K is a constant, and S is the stimulus intensity, and n is an exponent |
| Psychophysical level of analysis | analyzing perception by determining how a person's perception is related to stimuli in the environment |
| Psychophysics | quantitative methods for measuring the relationship between properties of the stimulus and the subj. experience. |
| Rat-man demo | "ratlike" or "manlike" picture influences an observer's perception of a second picture which can bet interpreted as both |
| Reaction time | the time btwn presentation of a stimulus and an observer's response to the stimulus |
| Recognition | the ability to place an object in a category that gives it meaning (red object = tomato) |
| Response compression | the result when doubling the physical intensity of a stimulus less than doubles the sebjective mag. Of stimulus |
| Response expansion | result when doubling physical intensity of a stimulus more than doubles the subj. mag. Of stimulus |
| Stevens’s power law | A law concerning the relationship btwn physical intensity of a stimulus and the perception of the subjective magnitude of stimulus P=KSn |
| Top-down processing (knowledge-based processing) | Processing that starts with the analysis of high-level information such as knowledge a person brings to a situation. |
| Transduction | the transformation of environmental energy into electrical energy (retinal receptors transduce light energy into electrical energy) |
| Visual search | procedure in which a person's task is to find a particular element in a display that contains a number of elements |
| Weber fraction | the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of the standard stimulus in weber's law |
| Weber’s law | the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of stimulus is constant. |
| Absolute threshold | the minimum stimulus energy necessary for an observer to detect a stimulus |
| Action | Motor activities such as moving the head or eyes and locomotion through the environment. Action is one of the major outcomes of the perceptual process. |
| Agnosia | the inability to recognize objects |
| Attended stimulus | the stimulus that is being attended by a person at a given point in time. |
| Bottom-up processing (data-based processing) | processing in which a person constructs a perception by analyzing the info falling on the receptors |
| Classical psychophysical methods | the methods of limits, adjustment, and constant stimuli, described by Fechner that are used for measuring thresholds |
| Cognitive influences on perception | how the knowledge, memories, and expectations that a person brings to a situation influence his or her perception. |
| Difference threshold | The minimal detectable difference between two stimuli |
| Environmental stimulus | all of the things in our environment that we can potentially perceive at a given point in time |
| Knowledge | any information that the perceiver brings to a situation |
| Level of analysis | the idea that we can observer processes at different scales. Perception can be studied at the psychophysical and physiological levels |
| Magnitude estimation | a psychophysical method in which the subject assigns numbers to a stimulus that are proportional to the subjective magnitude to the stimulus |
| Method of adjustment | a psychophysical method in which the experimenter or observer adjusts the stimulus intensity in a continuious manner until observer detects the stimulus |
| Method of constant stimuli | a psychophysical method in which a number of stimuli with different intensities are presented repeatedly in a random order |
| Method of limits | a psychophysical method for measuring threshold in which the experimenter presents stimuli in alternating ascending and descending order |
| Neural processing | operations that transform electrical signals within a network of neurons or that transform the response of individual neruons |
| Perception | conscious sensory experience |
| Perceptual process | a sequence of steps leading from the environment to perception of a stimulus, recognition of the stimulus, and action with regard to the stimulus |
| Phenomenological method | method of determining the relationship between stimuli and perception in which the observer descrigbes what he or she percieves |
| Physiological level of analysis | analyzing perception by determining how a person's perception is related to physiological process that are occuring within the person |
| Power function | a mathermatical function of the form P=KSn where P is perceived mag, K is a constant, and S is the stimulus intensity, and n is an exponent |
| Psychophysical level of analysis | analyzing perception by determining how a person's perception is related to stimuli in the environment |
| Psychophysics | quantitative methods for measuring the relationship between properties of the stimulus and the subj. experience. |
| Rat-man demo | "ratlike" or "manlike" picture influences an observer's perception of a second picture which can bet interpreted as both |
| Reaction time | the time btwn presentation of a stimulus and an observer's response to the stimulus |
| Recognition | the ability to place an object in a category that gives it meaning (red object = tomato) |
| Response compression | the result when doubling the physical intensity of a stimulus less than doubles the sebjective mag. Of stimulus |
| Response expansion | result when doubling physical intensity of a stimulus more than doubles the subj. mag. Of stimulus |
| Stevens’s power law | A law concerning the relationship btwn physical intensity of a stimulus and the perception of the subjective magnitude of stimulus P=KSn |
| Top-down processing (knowledge-based processing) | Processing that starts with the analysis of high-level information such as knowledge a person brings to a situation. |
| Transduction | the transformation of environmental energy into electrical energy (retinal receptors transduce light energy into electrical energy) |
| Visual search | procedure in which a person's task is to find a particular element in a display that contains a number of elements |
| Weber fraction | the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of the standard stimulus in weber's law |
| Weber’s law | the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of stimulus is constant. |
| Absolute threshold the minimum stimulus energy necessary for an observer to detect a stimulus | |
| Action Motor activities such as moving the head or eyes and locomotion through the environment. Action is one of the major outcomes of the perceptual process. | |
| Agnosia the inability to recognize objects | |
| Attended stimulus the stimulus that is being attended by a person at a given point in time. | |
| Bottom-up processing (data-based processing) processing in which a person constructs a perception by analyzing the info falling on the receptors | |
| Classical psychophysical methods the methods of limits, adjustment, and constant stimuli, described by Fechner that are used for measuring thresholds | |
| Cognitive influences on perception how the knowledge, memories, and expectations that a person brings to a situation influence his or her perception. | |
| Difference threshold The minimal detectable difference between two stimuli | |
| Environmental stimulus all of the things in our environment that we can potentially perceive at a given point in time | |
| Knowledge any information that the perceiver brings to a situation | |
| Level of analysis the idea that we can observer processes at different scales. Perception can be studied at the psychophysical and physiological levels | |
| Magnitude estimation a psychophysical method in which the subject assigns numbers to a stimulus that are proportional to the subjective magnitude to the stimulus | |
| Method of adjustment a psychophysical method in which the experimenter or observer adjusts the stimulus intensity in a continuious manner until observer detects the stimulus | |
| Method of constant stimuli a psychophysical method in which a number of stimuli with different intensities are presented repeatedly in a random order | |
| Method of limits a psychophysical method for measuring threshold in which the experimenter presents stimuli in alternating ascending and descending order | |
| Neural processing operations that transform electrical signals within a network of neurons or that transform the response of individual neruons | |
| Perception conscious sensory experience | |
| Perceptual process a sequence of steps leading from the environment to perception of a stimulus, recognition of the stimulus, and action with regard to the stimulus | |
| Phenomenological method method of determining the relationship between stimuli and perception in which the observer descrigbes what he or she percieves | |
| Physiological level of analysis analyzing perception by determining how a person's perception is related to physiological process that are occuring within the person | |
| Power function a mathermatical function of the form P=KSn where P is perceived mag, K is a constant, and S is the stimulus intensity, and n is an exponent | |
| Psychophysical level of analysis analyzing perception by determining how a person's perception is related to stimuli in the environment | |
| Psychophysics quantitative methods for measuring the relationship between properties of the stimulus and the subj. experience. | |
| Rat-man demo "ratlike" or "manlike" picture influences an observer's perception of a second picture which can bet interpreted as both | |
| Reaction time the time btwn presentation of a stimulus and an observer's response to the stimulus | |
| Recognition the ability to place an object in a category that gives it meaning (red object = tomato) | |
| Response compression the result when doubling the physical intensity of a stimulus less than doubles the sebjective mag. Of stimulus | |
| Response expansion result when doubling physical intensity of a stimulus more than doubles the subj. mag. Of stimulus | |
| Stevens’s power law A law concerning the relationship btwn physical intensity of a stimulus and the perception of the subjective magnitude of stimulus P=KSn | |
| Top-down processing (knowledge-based processing) Processing that starts with the analysis of high-level information such as knowledge a person brings to a situation. | |
| Transduction the transformation of environmental energy into electrical energy (retinal receptors transduce light energy into electrical energy) | |
| Visual search procedure in which a person's task is to find a particular element in a display that contains a number of elements | |
| Weber fraction the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of the standard stimulus in weber's law | |
| Weber’s law the ratio of the difference threshold to the value of stimulus is constant. | |
| Absolute threshold | the minimum stimulus energy necessary for an observer to detect a stimulus |
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