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psych U9M45
prenatal and newborn development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| developmental psychology | the study of how people change from birth to old age (life span v child psychologists) |
| stages | patterns of behavior in a fixed sequence. each stage has a unique set of structures that build on structures established in the previous stage |
| domain generality | development occurs simultaneously across multiple areas. |
| domain specificity | development can be independently of development in other areas. |
| critical period | the time where internal and external influences have a major effect on development. |
| prenatal | period of time/stages from conception to birth |
| zygote | the fertilized egg that develops into an embryo |
| embryonic stage (embryo) | the developing human 2 weeks after fertilization to 2nd month |
| fetal stage (fetus) | the developing human from 9 weeks after conception to birth. sexual differentiation; 1st bone tissue develops; mvmt develops |
| teratogens (critical period!) | chemicals and viruses (environmental) that can reach the embryo/fetus and cause harm |
| what is FAS and its effects? | FAS are cognitive and physical abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. |
| how do fetuses demonstrate learning? | they can respond to sound; a newborn baby has the same intonation as their mother's language |
| neonate | newborn baby |
| babinski reflex | stroking the bottom of the foot causes toes to splay out |
| moro reflex | the splaying of the limbs to a loud noise |
| orienting reflex | they act to orient themselves to a sudden change in their surroundings. |
| sterotyped ingestive responses | common reactions to innate likes and dislikes (baby's natural response to sweet or sour food) |
| significant distinctions of development in vision, hearing, and smell | vision: infants prefer to look at face-like images; hearing: infants can distinguish btwn "ba" and "pa"; smell: babies prefer their mother's scent |
| what 3 issues are the focus of developmental psychology? | nature v nurture, stability v change, diversity v universiality |
| maturationist (nature v nurture) | emphasizes genetically programmed growth |
| environmentalist (nature v nurture) | emphasizes learning perspective (Locke's tabula rosa) |
| interactionism (nature v nurture) | programmed biological growth and learning combine and interact |
| research methods of developmental psychology | cross sectional (diff ages at same time), longitudinal method (same ppl as they grow), and biographical (restructuring people's past thru interviews and interference) |
| discontinuous stages of development | patterns of behavior are in a fixed sequence |
| continuous stages of development | there is a unitary process of gradual development; no clear division of steps |
| embyronic stage (embryo) | cell divsion; zygote plants on the uterine wall; cells are not specialized yet |
| embryonic stage (embyro) | organ formation/cell specialization (1st-3rd mo.) |
| fetal stage (fetus) | sexual differentiation; 1st bone tissue; mvmt develops |
| placenta | filtering mechanism |
Created by:
allyson.lee
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