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Psych 1100E
Lecture 25 (pg. 447-448, 451-457)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What does developmental psychology examine? | The changes in our biological, physical, psychological, and behavioural processes as we age. |
| Cross-sectional design | A research design that simultaneously compares people of different ages at a particular point in time. |
| Cohorts | Different age groups (often growing up in different historical periods, ex: 1960s vs. 2000s) |
| Prenatal period | Time between conception and birth. Crucial time for rapid development. |
| Longitudinal design | Research that repeatedly tests the same cohort as it grows older. |
| Sequential design | Repeatedly testing several age cohorts as they grow older. |
| Are infants nearsighted or farsighted? | Nearisghted. |
| How is an infant's sight in comparison to a regular adult's? | Sight is 40 times worse than normal adults. |
| What is development according to Shaffer? | "The systematic continuities and changes in an individual over the course of life." |
| What causes development? | Interaction between genetics and environments. |
| Preferential looking procedure | A study type used by Fantz to research infants' visual preferences. |
| At what age can an infant perceive the full range of colours? | 3 months (3 types of cones and their circuits become functional). |
| What was Philip Zelazo's study? | Auditory habituation procedure to study infant memory. Once habituated to a word, got bored of it, but would react when a new word was said. Habituation lasted up to 24 hours. |
| Phoneme | Tiny changes in adult speech sound that differentiate on word from another. |
| What was the conclusion of Tsang & Cheung's study? | 6 month-olds will look longer to hear a pitch change that adults find pleasant than to hear a pitch change that adults rate as unpleasant. |
| Maturation | A genetically programmed, biological process that governs our growth. |
| Cephalocaudal principle | The tendency for physical development to proceed in a head-to-foot direction. |
| Proximodistal princple | The principle that physical development begins along the innermost parts of the body and continues toward the outermost parts. |
| Name the 3 points of physcial growth and perceptual-motor development that apply across the realm of human development. | 1. Biology sets limits on environmental influenced. 2. Environmental influences can be powerful. 3. Biological and environmental factors interact. |
| How do motor skills evolve? | In a definite, stage-like sequence. |
| Is the timing of milestones predictive of intelligence? | No |
| What is the Visual Cliff paradigm? | A study on depth perception and wariness of heights. Involves a set with a shallow side and deep side. All is covered by safety glass, but unknown to infant. When called over by adult, 90% of crawling infants would not cross the deep side. |
| When does the infant brain growth spur occur? | Last 3 prenatal months and first 2 years. |
| What are the effects of myelination? | Myelin sheaths increase speed of neural impulse transmission, which improves brain communication. |
| Synaptogenesis | The formation of new synapses. Occurs rapidly during infancy and childhood. |
| Synaptic pruning | Less stimulated neurons lose synapses, of which some stand in reserve for when needed later. |
Created by:
jarnol33
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