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IGHS Winkels
Physical Science Chapter 9
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Radioactivity | the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy |
| Radioisotope | any atom containing an unstable nucleus |
| Nuclear radiation | charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes |
| Alpha particle | a positively charged particle made up of two protons and two neutrons-the same as a helium nucleus |
| Beta particle | an electron emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| Gamma ray | a penetrating ray of energy emitted by an unstable nucleus |
| Background radiation | or nuclear radiation that occurs naturally in the environment |
| Half-life | the time required for one half of a sample of a radioisotope to decay |
| Transmutation | the conversion of atoms of one element to atoms of another |
| Transuranium elements | elements with atomic numbers greater than 92(uranium) |
| Quark | a subatomic particle theorized to be among the basic units of matter |
| Strong nuclear force | the attractive force that binds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus |
| Fission | the splitting of an atomic nucleus into two smaller parts |
| Chain reaction | neutrons released during the splitting of an initial nucleus trigger a series of nuclear fissions |
| Critical mass | the smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction |
| Fusion | a process in which the nuclei of two atoms combine to form a larger nucleus |
| Plasma | a state of matter in which atoms have been stripped of their electrons |
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