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Communication Quiz 2
Chapters 3 & 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Language | The system of symbols (words) that we use to think about and communicate experiences and feelings. |
| Denotative Meaning | the basic definition of a word (accepted definition) |
| Connotative Meaning | the emotional or attitudinal response people have to it. |
| Cognitive Language | specific system of symbols that you use to describe people, things, and situations in your mind. *Richard's idea of a good restaurant, and Norah's ideas of a good restaurant. |
| Grammar | system of rules of a language that serves as a mechanism for the creation of words, phrases, and sentences (ABSOLUTELY IMPORTANT). |
| Communication Acquisition | we learn how to use the language appropriately and effectively in the context of the situation. |
| Informing | using language to give and receive information. *telling where it hurts. *Questioning *Describing *Reinforcing *Withholding |
| Feeling | Emotions we express; love, respect, hostility, pride, etc. |
| Imagining | MOST COMPLEX functional competency. *ability to think, play, and be creative in communication. *child imagining being a superhero |
| Ritualizing | learning the rules for managing conversations and relationships. *saying "hi" or "bye" |
| Abstraction Ladder | Higher Level: most general and vague. Lower Level: more specific and can help you understand more precisely what people mean. *High= "You're useless" Low= "I noticed you didn't take out the trash in the kitchen...Every Monday & Thursday evening..." |
| Evasion | Highly-Abstract language --- avoid being specific. *teenage says: "I'm going out with friends" |
| Equivocation | High-level abstraction -- using words that have unclear or misleading definitions. *it's ... colorful" (when you don't like it) |
| Euphemisms | Highly-abstract -- offensive words or phrases that substitute for terms that might be perceived as upsetting. *using "passed away" instead of "died" |
| Slang | informal, nonstandard language. |
| Jargon | technical language that is specific to members of a certain profession/interest. |
| Semantics | meaning that words have. |
| Pragmatics | ability to use words appropriately. |
| Biased Language | influence our perceptions about the subject. *calling woman a "girl", but saying "you go girl" |
| Politically Correct Language | saying firefighter, police officer, chair-person instead of fireman, policeman, chairman. |
| Fact | true and verifiable. |
| Opinions | personal evaluations. |
| Inferences | deductions or conclusions that we make about the facts we observe. |
| Speech Repertoires | most effective/appropriate language to meet the demands of a given environment. |
| High Language | more formal, polite; business! |
| Low Language | often involving slang; watching a football game! |
| Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis | claim that the words a culture uses/doesn't use influence thinking. |
| Linguistic Determinism | idea that language influences how we see the world around us. |
| Linguistic Relativity | speakers of different language have different view of the world. |
| High-Context Cultures | uses contextual clues; we have to "guess" *actions |
| Low-Context Cultures | direct language. |
| Accommodation | changing our communication behavior to adapt to the other person. *changing our tone, vocabulary, etc. |
| Code Switching & Style Switching | communicators change their regular language and slang, as well as their vocabulary and tone to fit into a particular group. |
| Non-Verbal Communication | intentionally or unintentionally signaling meaning through behavior other than words. |
| Channel Discrepancy | one set of behaviors says one thing and another set says something different. *saying "My life is great. No problem here!" while being depressed. |
| Repeating | offering a clear non-verbal cue that repeats the verbal message. *waving your finger while saying "no" to a toddler. *holding 3 fingers up while saying "three" |
| Complementing | non-verbal behavior that matches the verbal message. *patting your friend on the back while saying "great job!" |
| Accenting | clarifying or emphasizing specific information in a verbal message. *writing: "Wash the dishes TODAY!!" |
| Substituting | replacing words. *traffic officer stretching out his palm to signal STOP! |
| Contradicting | conveys the opposite meaning. *people looking for sympathy might answer that nothing is wrong when you ask. |
| Regulating | coordinating verbal interactions. *answering the phone and saying "hello" then pausing for the other person to speak. |
| Immediacy | feeling of closeness, involvement, and warmth between people. *how close to others you sit or stand and how often you look at them, smile, etc. |
| Deception | attempt to convince others of something that is false. *telling your sick friend that he look great, although he is pale and lying on the couch. |
| Kinesics | reading someones body language. |
| Kinesics -- Emblems | substitute for verbal messages. *signaling "okay" with the fingers (okay sign) to imply that you're well. |
| Kinesics -- Illustrators | *holding your hands apart to describe "how large the fish was" |
| Kinesics -- Regulators | *raising your head and lifting your head up to indicate that you want to speak. |
| Kinesics -- Adaptors | *rubbing your eyes to indicate that you're tired. *twisting your hair when you're nervous or bored. |
| Kinesics -- Affect displays | *slumping in a chair may indicate fatigue or boredom. *a sad face may reflect a recent argument with someone. |
| Masking | *smile while congratulating your friend in her engagement, although you detest the person she's marrying. |
| Oculesics | using eyes to communicate. *making eye contact with the manager during an interview. |
| Paralanguage | powerful non-verbal vocal messages. *degree of hoarseness, smoothness, or deepness of your voice. *angry, demanding voice = annoying |
| Vocalizations | cues that give information about the speaker's emotional/physical state. *laughing, yawning, sighing, gasping, etc. |
| Artifacts | accessories carried/used on the body for decoration or identification. *briefcases, tattoos, expensive Rolex watch, engagement ring, wedding ring, etc. |
| Proxemics | the way we use and communicate with space. *feeling uncomfortable when someone talks to you extremely close all the time (you try to avoid the occurrence. |
| Territoriality | claiming of an area (not literally) *favorite living room chair, seat in class, a parking space, usual table at a restaurant, etc. |
| Haptics | touch as a form of communication. *hugging when we're happy. *caressing your spouse to show love. *holding someones hand in times of worry. |
| Chronemics | people perceive the use of time and how they structure time in their relationships. |
| Time Orientation | determines the importance that people ascribe to conversations. *cutting your mom off often shows that you're uninterested in what she has to say. |
| Contact Cultures | depend on touch as an important part of communication. *Arabians kiss when they greet. |
| Non-Contact Cultures | less touch-sensitive or even tend to avoid touch. *American only give each other handshakes when greeting. |
| Public-Private Dimension | *touching/caressing your spouse's hand at your kitchen (home), but not at a town hall meeting. |
| Informal-Formal Dimension | formal/informal behaviors. *arriving promptly at 2 for a wedding, and arriving sometime after 6 for a BBQ. |
| Non-Verbal Codes | *raising your eyebrow and gasping to show a surprised or shocked look. |
Created by:
kserrano005
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