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M,S and emotion
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Motive | specific need/desire arouses organism and directs its behavior towards a goal; response to stimulus |
| Instincts | genetically programmed patterns of behavior (fixed action patterns) |
| Drive Reduction Theory (Clark Hull 1950's) | physiological needs (bio. necessity for survival) put demands on the body (drives) |
| Primary Drive | unlearned (bio needs 10-15; hunger/thirst/sex) |
| Secondary Drive | learned (social needs; wealth/grades/achievements) |
| Drive Reduction Criticism | does not explain continued behavior w/ no biological deficiency, and does not explain activities that increase tension |
| Incentive Theory | objects in the environment that can motivate behavior; external stimuli ex) commercials, without knowing singing their theme song |
| Optimal Arousal Theory | optimum level of arousal for maximum performance on a given task. |
| Yerkes-Dodson Law | complex tasks low arousal/simple tasks higher level of arousal tolerated |
| Intrinsic | provided by an activity itself/personality rewarding or fulfill beliefs-expectations |
| Extrinsic | provided from the consequences of an activity/ rewards and punishments |
| Abraham Maslow | Hierarchical system for organizing needs (5 levels; each lower level need to be met in order to attempt to try to meet the next) |
| Self Actualization | individual creatively and meaningfully fulfill their own potential. |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | Self-Actualization, Esteem, Beloningness, Safety, Physiocolgical |
| Advantages | combination of bio and social need into 1 Framework; system of priorities to satisfy needs. |
| Disadvantages | difficult to verify accuracy of order; trouble assessing needs; individuals give different priorities; sample-case studies western white males. |
| Homeostatic Regulation Theory | most motivation experience is a result of body trying to maintain |
| Homeostasis | the state of regulatory equilibrium/balance (set point) |
| Anoreixa Nervosa | intense fear of weight gain and distorted body image |
| Bulima Nervosa | Binges of eating followed by self induced vomiting (purging) |
| Obesity | 30% over body weight |
| Thirst | lateral hypothalamus monitors fluids in body 2 ways |
| Osmoreceptors | intracellular water levels; low --> actidiuretic (ADH) to reduce urine and increase thirst; (ADH) Eliminated when H20 restored. |
| Volumetric | extracellular H20 levels; Low --> Angiotensin (Hormone) stimulate thirst |
| Sex | testosterone a major biological influence in both male and female |
| Sexual Orientation | nature influence but primarily learned. |
| Henry Murray | motivation based on biology individual differences and environments can cause motivations and needs to be expressed in many different ways. |
| Stimulus Motives | unlearned; prompt us to explore and change our world around us |
| Harry Harlow | experimented with monkeys related to stimulus motives; need for contact more imp. than food |
| Achievement Motive | need to excel, overcome obstacles 3 aspects: work, mastery, and competitiveness |
| David Mcclelland | those with high achievement needs seek our fairly challenging tasks (optimum range for achievement) |
| Affillation Motive | need to be with others aroused when threatened; tied to fear and anxiety |
| Emotion | states of feelings influence and activate behavior difficult to predict behavior prompted from an emotion |
| Robert Plutchik | eight basic emotions, vary in intensity; can combine for more |
| Primary | cross-cultural; survival; distinct facial expressions; found in primates |
| Secondary | culture specific |
| James Lange Theory | environmental stimuli cause physiologicll changes and responses. |
Created by:
annsonic
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